REMARKABLE INVASION OF SAN-FRANCISCO BAY (CALIFORNIA, USA) BY THE ASIAN CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS .1. INTRODUCTION AND DISPERSAL
REMARKABLE INVASION OF SAN-FRANCISCO BAY (CALIFORNIA, USA) BY THE ASIAN CLAM POTAMOCORBULA-AMURENSIS .1. INTRODUCTION AND DISPERSAL
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DOI：
10.3354/meps066081
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发表时间：
1990-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
NICHOLS, FH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CARLTON, JT;THOMPSON, JK;NICHOLS, FH
原产于中国、日本和韩国的全盐双壳类软体动物，最近在旧金山湾出现并变得非常丰富。这种蛤蜊似乎是作为幼虫在碳船的海水压舱物中引入的。它于1986年底首次在旧金山湾北部被收集。在2年内，黑斑鲷在整个河口扩散，在一些地点的密度超过10000 m-2。它主要生活在潮下的所有基质上（泥、沙、泥炭和粘土），在海湾盐度的所有范围内（< 1至33.permill.）都有发现。其丰度和传播范围的爆炸性增长可能导致旧金山湾河口生态系统的重大改变。这些变化可能包括：(1)营养动力学（通过与其他悬浮摄食和沉积摄食动物的竞争；底栖生物群落能量流的变化；鸟类、鱼类和螃蟹获得新的和丰富的猎物；以及由于其滤食性而减少的浮游植物存量）；(2)底栖生物动力学(由于底物不稳定而抑制和/或增强的动物数量；近底水悬浮沉积物负荷的改变；以及沉积物表面氧化还原平衡的变化)。在旧金山湾早期发现amurensis的出现和传播使其成为世界上任何河口中记录最充分的入侵之一。
The euryhaline bivalve mollusc Potamocorbula amurensis (family Corbulidae), a native of China, Japan, and Korea, has recently appeared and become very abundant in San Francisco Bay. This clam appears to have been introduced as veliger larvae in the seawater ballast of carbo vessels. It was first collected in northern San Francisco Bay in late 1986. P. amurensis then spread throughout the estuary within 2 yr and reached densities at some sites exceeding 10000 m-2. It lives primarily in the subtidal on all substrates (mud, sand, peat, and clay) and is found in the full range of bay salinities (< 1 to 33.permill.). Its explosive increase in abundance and spread may result in major alterations of the San Francisco Bay estuary ecosystem. These could include changes in (1) trophic dynamics (through competition with other suspension-feeding and deposit-feeding infauna; changes in benthic community energy flow; availability of a new and abundant prey item for birds, fish, and crabs; and reduction-as a result of its filter feeding-of phytoplankton standing stock) and (2) benthic dynamics (through inhibition and/or enhancement of infauna due to substrate destabilization; alteration of suspended sediment load of near-bottom water; and change of sediment surface redox balance). The early detection of the appearance and spread of P. amurensis in San Francisco Bay makes this one of the best documented invasions of any estuary in the world.