Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Style During Literary Reading: Insights from Eye-Tracking
Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Style During Literary Reading: Insights from Eye-Tracking
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DOI：
10.1525/collabra.39
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发表时间：
2016-12
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E.A.W.H. van den Hoven;Franziska Hartung;M. Burke;Roel M. Willems
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E.A.W.H. van den Hoven;Franziska Hartung;M. Burke;Roel M. Willems
文体是文学的一个重要方面，文体偏离有时被贴上突出的标签，因为它们的表达方式偏离了文体的默认。俄罗斯形式主义者声称，前景化会增加处理需求，因此会导致阅读速度变慢--这一效应被称为迟滞。我们让参与者在阅读文学短篇小说的同时测量他们的眼球运动，从而对这一说法进行了实验验证。我们的结果证实，与非前景语篇相比，读者阅读速度确实更慢，对前景语篇的回归更多。然而，仔细观察就会发现，对前景的敏感度存在显著的个体差异。事实上，一些读者在阅读前景段落时并没有放慢脚步。对文学性的减缓效应与对高困惑(意想不到)词的减缓效应有关：那些在文学段落中慢得多的读者在高困惑词时也慢得更多，尽管故事中文学性和困惑之间没有相关性。我们得出结论，个体差异在文学文本的加工中起着重要的作用，并支持关注读者和文本之间相互作用的文学阅读解释。
Style is an important aspect of literature, and stylistic deviations are sometimes labeled foregrounded, since their manner of expression deviates from the stylistic default. Russian Formalists have claimed that foregrounding increases processing demands and therefore causes slower reading – an effect called retardation. We tested this claim experimentally by having participants read short literary stories while measuring their eye movements. Our results confirm that readers indeed read slower and make more regressions towards foregrounded passages as compared to passages that are not foregrounded. A closer look, however, reveals significant individual differences in sensitivity to foregrounding. Some readers in fact do not slow down at all when reading foregrounded passages. The slowing down effect for literariness was related to a slowing down effect for high perplexity (unexpected) words: those readers who slowed down more during literary passages also slowed down more during high perplexity words, even though no correlation between literariness and perplexity existed in the stories. We conclude that individual differences play a major role in processing of literary texts and argue for accounts of literary reading that focus on the interplay between reader and text.