Thyroid hormone receptors and reproduction
Thyroid hormone receptors and reproduction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jri.2011.02.009
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mueller, Andreas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dittrich, Ralf;Beckmann, Matthias W.;Mueller, Andreas
甲状腺疾病对男女的生育能力都有很大影响。甲状腺功能亢进症和甲状腺功能减退症引起性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG）、催乳素、促性腺激素释放激素和性类固醇血清水平的变化。在雌性中，甲状腺激素也可能对卵母细胞有直接影响，因为已知在小鼠和人类卵母细胞上发现了甲状腺素的特异性结合位点。女性甲状腺功能障碍与发病率和妊娠结局之间也存在相关性。在男性中，甲状腺功能亢进症会导致精子活力降低。形态异常精子的数量因甲状腺功能减退而增加。当甲状腺功能正常恢复时，这两种异常都会改善或正常化。在女性中，甲状腺疾病引起的生育能力改变更为复杂。甲亢和甲减是主要的甲状腺疾病，对女性生殖产生不利影响，并导致月经紊乱，主要是甲状腺功能亢进症的月经过少和月经过多，甲状腺功能减退症的月经过少。在最近的研究中，很明显，不仅是SHBG和性类固醇的血清水平变化导致这些疾病，而且代谢途径也发生了变化。充足的循环甲状腺激素水平对正常的生殖功能至关重要。本文综述了甲状腺疾病对生殖的影响。(C)2011爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司保留所有权利。
Thyroid disorders have a great impact on fertility in both sexes. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism cause changes in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and sex steroid serum levels. In females, thyroid hormones may also have a direct effect on oocytes, because it is known that specific binding sites for thyroxin are found on mouse and human oocytes. There is also an association between thyroid dysfunction in women and morbidity and outcome in pregnancy. In males, hyperthyroidism causes a reduction in sperm motility. The numbers of morphologically abnormal sperm are increased by hypothyroidism. When euthyroidism is restored, both abnormalities improve or normalize. In women, the alterations in fertility caused by thyroid disorders are more complex. Hyper- and hypothyroidism are the main thyroid diseases that have an adverse effect on female reproduction and cause menstrual disturbances mainly hypomenorrhea and polymenorrhea in hyperthyroidism, and oligomenorrhea in hypothyroidism. In recent studies, it has become evident that it is not only changes in serum levels of SHBG and sex steroids that are responsible for these disorders, but also alterations in the metabolic pathway. Adequate levels of circulating thyroid hormones are of primary importance for normal reproductive function. This review presents an overview of the impact of thyroid disorders on reproduction. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.