Form and function in hillslope hydrology: in situ imaging and characterization of flow-relevant structures
Form and function in hillslope hydrology: in situ imaging and characterization of flow-relevant structures
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DOI：
10.5194/hess-21-3749-2017
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
C. Jackisch;L. Angermann;N. Allroggen;M. Sprenger;T. Blume;J. Tronicke;E. Zehe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Jackisch;L. Angermann;N. Allroggen;M. Sprenger;T. Blume;J. Tronicke;E. Zehe
抽象的。该研究通过土壤和地球物理测量以及点、地块和山坡尺度的灌溉实验来识别和表征快速地下流结构。我们对与流量相关的结构和水文响应的研究分别涉及形式和功能的一般相互作用。为了获得地下的整体图像，在不同的尺度上使用了大量不同的实验室、探索和实验方法。对于勘探，这些方法包括钻探土芯剖面、渗透能力和饱和导水率的原位测量以及土壤保水性和饱和导水率的实验室分析。通过染料示踪剂、盐示踪剂、土壤湿度动态和 3D 延时探地雷达 (GPR) 方法的组合来监测地块规模的灌溉实验。在山坡尺度上，通过 3-D GPR 勘测对地下进行了勘探。通过密集的土壤湿度观测网络和一系列二维延时探地雷达沟槽来监测自然风暴事件和灌溉实验。我们表明，需要流动路径的激活状态和非激活状态之间的转变来区分结构和整体异质性。点尺度样本的土壤物理分析是子尺度结构推断的基础。在地块和山坡尺度上，3D 和 2D 延时探地雷达应用已成功用作非侵入性手段，对地下响应模式进行成像并识别与流动相关的路径。灌溉实验中的示踪剂回收率和土壤水响应提供了响应速度的一致估计。在活动条件下对形式和功能的综合观察提供了定位和表征结构（本研究）和水文过程（配套研究 Angermann 等人，2017 年，本期）的方法。
Abstract. The study deals with the identification and characterization of rapid subsurface flow structures through pedo- and geo-physical measurements and irrigation experiments at the point, plot and hillslope scale. Our investigation of flow-relevant structures and hydrological responses refers to the general interplay of form and function, respectively. To obtain a holistic picture of the subsurface, a large set of different laboratory, exploratory and experimental methods was used at the different scales. For exploration these methods included drilled soil core profiles, in situ measurements of infiltration capacity and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and laboratory analyses of soil water retention and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The irrigation experiments at the plot scale were monitored through a combination of dye tracer, salt tracer, soil moisture dynamics, and 3-D time-lapse ground penetrating radar (GPR) methods. At the hillslope scale the subsurface was explored by a 3-D GPR survey. A natural storm event and an irrigation experiment were monitored by a dense network of soil moisture observations and a cascade of 2-D time-lapse GPR trenches . We show that the shift between activated and non-activated state of the flow paths is needed to distinguish structures from overall heterogeneity. Pedo-physical analyses of point-scale samples are the basis for sub-scale structure inference. At the plot and hillslope scale 3-D and 2-D time-lapse GPR applications are successfully employed as non-invasive means to image subsurface response patterns and to identify flow-relevant paths. Tracer recovery and soil water responses from irrigation experiments deliver a consistent estimate of response velocities. The combined observation of form and function under active conditions provides the means to localize and characterize the structures (this study) and the hydrological processes (companion study Angermann et al., 2017, this issue).