The Aqua-Planet Experiment (APE): CONTROL SST Simulation
The Aqua-Planet Experiment (APE): CONTROL SST Simulation
复制标题
DOI：
10.2151/jmsj.2013-a02
复制
发表时间：
2013-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Blackburn;D. Williamson;K. Nakajima;W. Ohfuchi;Y. Takahashi;Y. Hayashi;H. Nakamura;M. Ishiwatari-M.-Ish
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Blackburn;D. Williamson;K. Nakajima;W. Ohfuchi;Y. Takahashi;Y. Hayashi;H. Nakamura;M. Ishiwatari-M.-Ish
在水星球上比较了 16 个大气环流模型 (AGCM) 的气候模拟，水星球是一个被水覆盖的地球，规定的海面温度仅随纬度变化。理想化的配置旨在揭示不同模型模拟的循环差异。水行星气候的基本特征是通过与地球的比较来表征的。这些模型表现出广泛的行为。对流层平均流量的平衡分量和受预算限制的中纬度涡流协方差在模型之间变化相对较小。相反，动力核心阻尼的差异强烈影响瞬态涡流振幅。模拟低平流层温度的历史不确定性在 APE 中仍然存在。由解析的流体动力学和参数化的潮湿过程之间的相互作用更直接地产生的循环的各个方面变化很大。热带哈德利环流在赤道形成单或双热带辐合带（ITCZ），平均降水量变化较大。赤道波谱显示出大范围的降水强度和传播特征。在大多数模型中，具有非常恒定的相速度的类似开尔文模式的向东传播占主导地位。向西传播的色散性比赤道罗斯贝模式小，在一些模型中占主导地位，或者发生在其他模型的向东传播包络线内。 ITCZ 的平均结构与降水变化有关，这与之前的研究一致。水生行星的全球能量平衡尚不清楚，但这些模型产生了令人惊讶的大范围的大气层顶部全球净通量，主要由云层短波反射的差异决定。许多新开发的模型并未针对地球气候进行优化，但却造成了这种情况。讨论了优化模型差异的可能原因。水行星配置旨在作为用于评估 AGCM 的实验层次结构的一个组成部分。这种比较确实表明，结合地球气候模拟可以更好地理解和减少模型行为的范围。需要进行受控实验来探索单个模型的行为并研究随着分辨率的提高水行星气候的收敛性。
Climate simulations by 16 atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs) are compared on an aqua-planet, a water-covered Earth with prescribed sea surface temperature varying only in latitude. The idealised configuration is designed to expose differences in the circulation simulated by different models. Basic features of the aqua-planet climate are characterised by comparison with Earth. The models display a wide range of behaviour. The balanced component of the tropospheric mean flow, and mid-latitude eddy covariances subject to budget constraints, vary relatively little among the models. In contrast, differences in damping in the dynamical core strongly influence transient eddy amplitudes. Historical uncertainty in modelled lower stratospheric temperatures persists in APE. Aspects of the circulation generated more directly by interactions between the resolved fluid dynamics and parameterized moist processes vary greatly. The tropical Hadley circulation forms either a single or double inter-tropical convergence zone (ITCZ) at the equator, with large variations in mean precipitation. The equatorial wave spectrum shows a wide range of precipitation intensity and propagation characteristics. Kelvin mode-like eastward propagation with remarkably constant phase speed dominates in most models. Westward propagation, less dispersive than the equatorial Rossby modes, dominates in a few models or occurs within an eastward propagating envelope in others. The mean structure of the ITCZ is related to precipitation variability, consistent with previous studies. The aqua-planet global energy balance is unknown but the models produce a surprisingly large range of top of atmosphere global net flux, dominated by differences in shortwave reflection by clouds. A number of newly developed models, not optimised for Earth climate, contribute to this. Possible reasons for differences in the optimised models are discussed. The aqua-planet configuration is intended as one component of an experimental hierarchy used to evaluate AGCMs. This comparison does suggest that the range of model behaviour could be better understood and reduced in conjunction with Earth climate simulations. Controlled experimentation is required to explore individual model behaviour and investigate convergence of the aqua-planet climate with increasing resolution.