Deixis and anaphora in German dialects: The semantics and pragmatics of two definite articles in dialectical varieties
Deixis and anaphora in German dialects: The semantics and pragmatics of two definite articles in dialectical varieties
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德国方言中的指示语和回指：辩证变体中两个定冠词的语义和语用
DOI：
10.1075/pb.iii.2-3.10har
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Dietrich Hartmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dietrich Hartmann
出于各种原因，我认为德语方言的研究，以及在其他语言，是一个非常富有成果的领域，无论是探索指示现象和发展的经验主义建立的指示理论。(a)在本文中，方言将被理解为一种特定语言的变体，以及该语言的其他变体。方言变体是由它们的区域限制来指定的。此外，根据定义，方言主要是作为一种口语变体而存在的;书面语言中的方言语音（诗歌，配额等）。是次要的。由于方言仅用于口头交流，因此可以预期它们包含频繁使用的指示成分。这一点可以从口语的许多变形中看出来。(b)与标准德语不同，方言通常发展出两种而不是一种不同的定冠词范式。两种范式的形态差异对应着不同的语义功能和语用功能。这两种定冠词在方言中的相关性一直以来都不为语言学家所认识，甚至连方言学家也不太清楚。如果这两种范式的存在被完全考虑进去，那么观察结果就没有被当作建立指示理论的重要经验基础。在这篇文章中，我将简要地概述莱茵兰地区某种方言中所使用的冠词的形态和功能。这一分析并非详尽无遗。形式功能关系的比较
For various reasons I consider the study of dialects in German—as in other languages as well—to be a very fruitful field both for exploring deictic phenomena and for developing an empirically founded theory of deixis.(a) In this paper a dialect will be understood to be a variety of a given lan guage among other varieties of that language. Dialectal varieties are specified by their regional limitation. Furthermore by definition a dialect exists primar ily as a spoken variety; dialectal speech in written language (poems, quota tions, etc.) is secondary. Since dialects are used for oral communication only, they can be expected to contain frequently used deictic elements. This is shown by many transcriptions of spoken language.(b) In contrast to Standard German dialects often have developed not one but two different paradigms of the definite article. The morphological dif ferentiation of the two paradigms corresponds to different semantic and prag matic functions. The relevance of the two kinds of definite article in dialects has been hardly recognized by linguists and not even by dialectologists. If the existence of these two paradigms has been taken into account at all, the obser vations have not been dealt with as an important empirical basis for establish ing a theory of deixis.! In this paper I shall briefly outline the morphology and the functions of the articles used in a certain dialect of the Rhinelands. This analysis will not be exhaustive. A comparison between form-function rela-