Perfluorinated alkylated substances in vegetables collected in four European countries; occurrence and human exposure estimations
Perfluorinated alkylated substances in vegetables collected in four European countries; occurrence and human exposure estimations
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-013-1777-8
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
de Voogt, Pim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Herzke, Dorte;Huber, Sandra;de Voogt, Pim
人类饮食被认为是人类整体全氟烷基化物质（PFAS）负担的一个可能主要暴露途径，其直接原因是膳食食品受到污染，以及PFAS从食品包装或炊具中迁移。大多数欧洲国家实施国家监测计划（食品篮子研究）来监测污染物的污染。对于全氟化合物，欧洲通常采用非协调的方法，因为食品篮子研究主要是由国家当局根据国家要求和问题进行的，因此难以在不同国家之间进行比较。设计了一个统一的采样活动，以统一的程序收集类似的食品项目，从而可以在欧洲不同地区之间进行直接比较。我们选择了四个国家（比利时、捷克共和国、意大利和挪威），代表欧洲的四个地区：西、东、南、北。2010年和2011年春季，在比利时、捷克共和国、意大利和挪威对20种不同类型的蔬菜进行了取样。全氟羧酸（PFCAs）是检测到的全氟磺酸的主要类别，全氟辛酸（PFOA）是含量最多的全氟辛酸（捷克共和国样品除外），其次是全氟己酸和全氟壬酸。对全氟辛烷磺酸的膳食摄入量估计显示，由于成人和儿童食用蔬菜，人体接触量较低，主要是由于大量摄入土豆。
The human diet is recognised as one possible major exposure route to the overall perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) burden of the human population, resulting directly from contamination of dietary food items, as well as migration of PFAS from food packaging or cookware. Most European countries carry out national monitoring programs (food basket studies) to monitor contamination with pollutants. Usually, for PFASs, non-coordinated approaches are used in Europe, since food basket studies are mainly carried out by national authorities following national requirements and questions, making comparisons between different countries difficult. A harmonised sampling campaign collecting similar food items in a uniform procedure enabling direct comparison between different regions in Europe was designed. We selected four countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy and Norway), representing the four regions of Europe: West, East, South and North. In spring 2010 and 2011, 20 different types of vegetables were sampled in Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy and Norway. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the main group of detected PFASs, with perfluorinated octanoic acid (PFOA) as the most abundant PFCA (with exception of samples from Czech Republic), followed by perfluorinated hexanoic acid and perfluorinated nonanoic acid. Dietary intake estimates for PFOA show only low human exposure due to vegetable consumption for adults and children, mostly governed by high intake of potatoes.