An ethnic group specific deprivation index for measuring neighbourhood inequalities in England and Wales
An ethnic group specific deprivation index for measuring neighbourhood inequalities in England and Wales
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DOI：
10.1111/geoj.12563
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发表时间：
2023-11-29
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wood，Sarah
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lloyd，Christopher D.;Catney，Gemma;Wood，Sarah
对联合王国小地区的贫困情况的衡量为制定旨在减少空间不平等的政策和确定资源目标提供了基础。大多数衡量标准都是对某一地区所有人的总体贫困水平进行总结，而没有考虑到不同特征（如年龄、性别或种族）的人之间的差异。鉴于英国各民族之间存在着明显的不平等现象，以及这些不平等现象所处的独特地理位置，本文提出了一种新的针对各民族群体的邻里剥夺指标——族裔群体剥夺指数（EGDI）。该指数采用了自定义的2021年人口普查数据表，按种族划分就业、住房使用权、教育和健康，揭示了迄今为止很少受到关注的少数民族不平等的小区域地理，但对生活机会和福祉产生了深远影响。根据广泛使用的英语多重剥夺指数（IMD）的方法框架和同一地理区域（下层超级产出区），EGDI使用2021年英格兰和威尔士人口普查的数据衡量每个种族群体的剥夺情况。EGDI揭示了种族不平等的复杂地理分布，并表明，虽然一个社区中的一个种族群体可能有较高的相对贫困水平，但同一社区的另一个种族群体可能经历非常低的相对贫困水平。该指数探讨了社区内部和社区之间的种族不平等，通过提供更好地了解种族不平等的重要手段，补充和扩大了现有的措施。EGDI可用于帮助制定具有地方和文化敏感性的政策制定和资源分配。
The measurement of deprivation for small areas in the UK has provided the basis for the development of policies and targeting of resources aimed at reducing spatial inequalities. Most measures summarise the aggregate level of deprivation acrossallpeople in a given area, and no account is taken of differences between people with differing characteristics, such as age, sex or ethnic group. In recognition of the marked inequalities between ethnic groups in the UK, and the distinctive geographies of these inequalities, this paper presents a new ethnic group‐specific neighbourhood deprivation measure—the Ethnic Group Deprivation Index (EGDI). This index, using a custom cross‐tabulated 2021 Census dataset on employment, housing tenure, education and health by ethnic group, reveals the small area geographies of ethnic inequalities that have to date received scant attention, and yet have profound impacts on life chances and well‐being. Drawing on the methodological framework of the widely used English Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) and for the same geographies (Lower Layer Super Output Areas), the EGDI measures deprivation for each ethnic group using data from the 2021 Census of England and Wales. The EGDI reveals the complex geographies of ethnic inequality and demonstrates that while one ethnic group in a neighbourhood may have high relative levels of deprivation, another ethnic group in that same neighbourhood may experience very low relative levels. The EGDI explores ethnic inequalitieswithinandbetweenneighbourhoods, complementing and augmenting existing measures by offering an important means of better understanding ethnic inequalities. The EGDI can be used to help shape locally and culturally sensitive policy development and resource allocation.