Withdrawal of Fertiliser and Its Impact on the Nutrient Status, Growth and Production of Previously Fertilised Oil Palm
Withdrawal of Fertiliser and Its Impact on the Nutrient Status, Growth and Production of Previously Fertilised Oil Palm
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肥料的撤除及其对先前施肥油棕的营养状况、生长和产量的影响
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mukesh Sharma
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Sidhu;M. Kurniawan;E. F. Rambe;Z. Sinuraya;A. Aziz;Abdul Hasyim;Mukesh Sharma
在高度淋溶和贫瘠的土壤上建立的长期NPK因子肥料试验被转换为肥料退出试验，以监测以前的肥料施用对14岁的油棕榈的营养状况，生长和生产的残留影响。在三种主要养分中，氮（N）的残留效应最短。叶片氮的下降记录施肥终止后两年，而生长参数，如叶干重，叶柄横截面和叶面积的影响，早在12个月后停止施肥（MACF）。然而，鲜果串（FFB）产量仅在第三年下降，从30 MACF开始。氮的消耗对平均束重（ABW）和收获的束数（NOB）都产生了负面影响，尽管是在不同的时间段。由于磷的土壤贮量高，其残效期比氮、钾长。虽然叶片和穗轴磷含量的下降也发生在24 MACF内，但FFB产量的下降只发生在第四年，从44 MACF开始。与氮素一样，磷素的去除也对ABW和NOB的收获产生了负面影响。之前钾肥（K）施肥的残留效应被认为是中间的N和P。鉴于高产量和高K的需求，在试验区的油棕，叶片和轴K下降记录早在12 MACF。这是由土壤钾储量在同一短时间内迅速耗尽。由于养分消耗和产量下降之间存在滞后期，后者仅发生在第四年，从39 MACF开始。与N和P不同，钾肥的退出对ABW没有负面影响，但显着减少NOB收获。同时完全停止所有肥料（N，P，K），即使只有一年的时间，对棕榈营养状况，营养生长和FFB生产产生负面影响。棕榈响应完全取消施肥的时间框架反映了那些引起的N停止，而不是由于P和K终止。然而，生长和产量的抑制是短暂的恢复发生在恢复施肥后24个月内。结果表明，即使在高度淋溶和贫瘠的土壤上，在重新种植前至少两年停止施用N，P，K肥料也是安全的。对于现有的种植，以前的磷和钾应用的长期残留效应也提供了一些选择性减少后两种肥料类型的余地，在棕榈油价格低或金融危机的时候。然而，即使一年也不能完全停止N输入。关键词：肥料，提取，油棕
A long term NPK factorial fertiliser trial established on a highly leached and infertile soil was converted into a fertiliser withdrawal trial to monitor the residual effects of previous fertiliser applications on the nutrient status, growth and production of 14-year-old oil palm. Of the three major nutrients, nitrogen (N) had the shortest residual effect. A decline in leaf N was recorded two years after fertiliser termination whilst growth parameters such as frond dry weight, petiole cross section and leaf area were affected as early as 12 months after ceasing fertiliser application (MACF). However fresh fruit bunch (FFB) yield only declined in the third year, commencing at 30 MACF. Depletion of N negatively impacted both average bunch weight (ABW) and number of bunches (NOB) harvested, albeit at different time periods. In view of its high soil reserves, residual effect of phosphorus (P) was longer than either nitrogen or potassium. Although the decline in leaf and rachis P content also occurred within 24 MACF, FFB yield decline only occurred in the fourth year, commencing at 44 MACF. Like N, P withdrawal also had a negative impact on both ABW and NOB harvested. The residual effect of previous potash (K) manuring was found to be intermediate between N and P. In view of the high yields and high K demand of the oil palm in the trial plots, a decline in leaf and rachis K was recorded as early as 12 MACF. This was paralleled by a rapid depletion of soil K reserves within the same short period. Due to the lag-phase between nutrient depletion and yield decline, the latter only occurred in the fourth year, commencing at 39 MACF. Unlike N and P, withdrawal of K fertiliser had no negative impact on ABW but significantly reduced NOB harvested. Complete stoppage of all fertilisers (N,P,K) simultaneously, even only for a period of one year, had a negative impact on palm nutrient status, vegetative growth and FFB production. The time frame of palm responses to complete fertiliser withdrawal mirrored those induced by N stoppage rather than those due to P and K termination. However, growth and yield depression was short lived with recovery occurring within 24 months after resumption in manuring. The results indicate that even on highly leached and impoverished soils, it was safe to terminate N, P, K fertiliser applications a minimum of two years prior to replanting. For existing plantings, the long residual effects of previous P and K applications also provided some scope for selective reduction in the latter two fertiliser types, in times of low palm oil prices or financial crisis. However, N inputs cannot be completely stopped even for one year. Keywords: Fertiliser, withdrawal, oil palm