Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins.
Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0757.2010.00377.x
复制
发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
18.6
通讯作者：
Potempa J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo Y;Nguyen KA;Potempa J
可以说牙周炎是人类最常见的细菌驱动的慢性炎症性疾病。据报道，牙周病的发病率从发达国家人口的30%（154）到发展中国家人口的70%以上（198）不等，严重疾病占全世界人口的7%至15%（41,67,154）。牙周炎是牙齿脱落的主要原因，也与心血管疾病（68）、类风湿关节炎（27,207,224）和阿尔茨海默病（87-89）等全身性疾病的发病、发展和/或进展有关。细菌参与牙周炎的病因学是毋庸置疑的，但致病物种的组成仍在争论中。目前，在牙周菌斑中已检测到500多种细菌（160），但只有少数几种，包括牙龈卟啉单胞菌被认为是慢性牙周炎的主要病原体（208），慢性牙周炎是最常见的牙周病形式。这种细菌产生多种毒力因子，包括生物活性代谢产物、菌毛和一系列蛋白水解酶（107）。在蛋白水解酶中，被称为gingipains的半胱氨酸蛋白酶负责至少85%的各种牙龈卟啉卟啉菌株所发挥的总蛋白水解活性（171），被认为是牙龈卟啉卟啉卟啉的致病潜力的主要贡献者。事实上，三条证据线，包括免疫接种、敲除菌株分析和使用小鼠感染或骨质流失模型测试特定蛋白酶抑制剂清楚地表明，牙龈疼痛对于细菌在体内的生存/增殖和实验感染的病理结果是绝对必要的（表1）。
Arguably periodontitis is the most prevalent bacteria-driven chronic inflammatory disease of the humankind. The incidence of periodontal disease has been reported to range from 30% of the population in developed countries (154) to over 70% of the population in developing countries (198) with severe disease inflicting 7% to 15% of human population worldwide (41, 67,154). Periodontitis is a major cause of loss of teeth, and is also implicated in the onset, development and/or progression of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (68), rheumatoid arthritis (27,207,224) and Alzheimer disease (87-89).The involvement of bacteria in the etiology of periodontitis is unquestionable but the composition of the causative species is still being debated. Presently, over 500 bacterial species have been detected in periodontal plaque (160) but only a handful, including Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as major pathogens of chronic periodontitis (208), the most prevailing form of periodontal disease. This bacterium produces a variety of virulence factors including, bioactive metabolic products, fimbriae, and an array of proteolytic enzymes (107). Among the proteolytic enzymes, cysteine proteases referred to as gingipains are responsible for at least 85% of total proteolytic activity exerted by various strains of P. gingivalis (171) and are considered major contributors to the pathogenic potential of P. gingivalis. Indeed, three lines of evidence, including immunization, analysis of knockout strains, and testing of specific protease inhibitors using murine models of infection or bone loss clearly indicate that gingipains are absolutely essential for bacterial survival/proliferation in vivo and for the pathological outcome of the experimental infection (Table 1).
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
CHU, L;BRAMANTI, TE;HOLT, SC
通讯作者：
HOLT, SC
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
DeCarlo, AA;Windsor, LJ;BirkedalHansen, H
通讯作者：
BirkedalHansen, H
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Brechter, Anna Bernhold;Persson, Emma;Lerner, Ulf H.
通讯作者：
Lerner, Ulf H.
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Dias, Irundika H. K.;Marshall, Lindsay;Griffiths, Helen R.
通讯作者：
Griffiths, Helen R.
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Andrian, Elisoa;Mostefaoui, Yakout;Grenier, Daniel
通讯作者：
Grenier, Daniel