CATACLYSMIC HYDROTHERMAL VENTING ON THE JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE
CATACLYSMIC HYDROTHERMAL VENTING ON THE JUAN-DE-FUCA RIDGE
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DOI：
10.1038/329149a0
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发表时间：
1987-09-10
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
FEELY, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BAKER, ET;MASSOTH, GJ;FEELY, RA
对各个海底热液喷口的系列观测1和从喷口区域向下延伸的稀薄热液羽流的地图2-4表明，喷口区域流体成分和质量通量至少在十年时间尺度上是稳定的。然而，山脊-山顶构造活动的内在偶然性表明，也存在不连续的热液释放。为了支持这一假设，我们在这里报告了一条700米厚、直径20公里的涡流状“巨型羽流”的发现，它是由胡安德富卡海脊44°49‘N，130°14’W附近短暂但大规模释放的高温热液形成的。该巨型羽流的平均温度异常为0.12°C，并覆盖了同一地点一个明显稳定的喷口区域发出的成分不同的羽流。这个巨型烟柱是在几天内形成的，但相当于200到2000个高温烟囱的年产量。
Serial observations of individual submarine hydrothermal vents1and the mapping of dilute hydrothermal plumes extending far downcurrent from vent fields2–4indicate a stability of vent field fluid composition and mass flux on at least decadal time scales. The inherent episodicity of ridge-crest tectonic activity, however, suggests that discontinuous emissions of hydrothermal fluids also occurs. In support of this hypothesis we report here the discovery of a 700-m-thick, 20-km-diameter eddy-like 'megaplume' created by a brief but massive release of high-temperature hydrothermal fluids near 44°49' N, 130°14' W on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The megaplume had a mean temperature anomaly of 0.12°C and overlay compositionally distinct plumes emanating from an apparently steady-state vent field at the same location. The megaplume was formed in a few days yet equalled the annual output of between 200 and 2,000 high-temperature chimneys.