Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation
Immigrant youth: Acculturation, identity, and adaptation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1464-0597.2006.00256.x
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Vedder, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Berry, John W.;Phinney, Jean S.;Vedder, Paul
本文报告了在13个社会(N=5,366)定居的移民青年(13-18岁)的文化适应和适应的大型国际研究的一些主要发现，以及一个国家青年(N=2,631)的样本。这项研究以三个核心问题为指导：移民青年如何应对文化适应过程？他们适应得有多好？在他们如何适应文化和适应程度之间有重要的关系吗？聚类分析产生了四种不同的文化适应特征：融合、种族、民族和扩散。对五个适应变量的因子分析表明，适应有两种不同的形式：心理适应和社会文化适应。青少年的文化适应程度与他们的适应程度之间存在很大的关系：具有融入特征的青少年心理和社会文化适应效果最好，而具有扩散特征的青少年心理适应效果最差；在这两者之间，具有种族特征的青少年心理适应中等好，但社会文化适应较差，而具有民族特征的青少年心理适应中等较差，社会文化适应略显负面。使用结构方程模型在很大程度上复制了这种结果模式。对移民青年定居的影响是明确的：应鼓励青年既保持对自己遗产的文化认同感，又与更广泛的国家社会建立密切联系。
This paper reports some of the main findings from a large international study of the acculturation and adaptation of immigrant youth (aged 13 to 18 years) who are settled in 13 societies (N = 5,366), as well as a sample of national youth (N = 2,631). The study was guided by three core questions: How do immigrant youth deal with the process of acculturation? How well do they adapt? Are there important relationships between how they acculturate and how well they adapt? Cluster analysis produced four distinct acculturation profiles: integration, ethnic, national, and diffuse. Factor analysis of five adaptation variables revealed two distinct forms of adaptation: psychological and sociocultural. There were substantial relationships between how youth acculturate and how well they adapt: those with an integration profile had the best psychological and sociocultural adaptation outcomes, while those with a diffuse profile had the worst; in between, those with an ethnic profile had moderately good psychological adaptation but poorer sociocultural adaptation, while those with a national profile had moderately poor psychological adaptation, and slightly negative sociocultural adaptation. This pattern of results was largely replicated using structural equation modeling. Implications for the settlement of immigrant youth are clear: youth should be encouraged to retain both a sense of their own heritage cultural identity, while establishing close ties with the larger national society.