The application of ecosystems services criteria for green building assessment
The application of ecosystems services criteria for green building assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.solener.2004.01.011
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发表时间：
2004-10
期刊：
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
V. Olgyay;J. Herdt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
V. Olgyay;J. Herdt
在对环境建筑的讨论中，我们将两个学科结合起来，即建筑学和生态学。在最好的情况下，绿色建筑是应用生态学的例子，设计师理解生态系统的构成、组织和结构，并从环境的角度考虑建筑的影响。通过利用生态学的概念、方法和语言，设计师可以创造出有意融入场地自然系统的建筑。评价标准的制定意味着建筑设计标准的确定。如果我们根据对环境容量的最佳科学理解建立标准，我们将开始开发可持续的建筑。为此，我们必须量化由此产生的环境影响及其在建筑生产和使用中的原因之间的联系。这在传统的建筑环境影响评估方法中没有做到，传统的建筑环境影响评估方法是基于量化人为干预对自然环境的假设负面影响，通常使用符合规范的参考建筑作为改进的标准。这些指数缺乏从生态学角度推导的基线或衡量标准，无法在普遍基础上对可持续发展进行分析和比较。从生态学角度衍生的基线可用于衡量建筑物的负面影响和正面影响。它还允许在平等的基础上对不同的项目类型、规模和位置进行比较。本研究将生态容量的概念扩展到建筑语境中，并将承载能力作为一种与时间和区域相关的工具来评估环境建筑设计的有效性。生态系统服务标准研究使用承载能力的客观度量作为生态衍生基线（公顷/年）来评估建筑的可持续性。位于科罗拉多州博尔德的农舍是一座低能耗、基于生物材料的建筑，我们对其进行了评估，以展示这种方法的应用。本项目描述了能源和材料的相对生态影响，并确定了减少典型建筑对环境影响的有效策略。
In the discussion of environmental architecture, we are conjoining two disciplines, the subject of architecture and that of ecology. At their best, green buildings are examples of applied ecology, where designers understand the constitution, organization, and structure of ecosystems, and the impacts of architecture are considered from an environmental perspective. By utilizing the concepts, methods, and language of ecology, designers can create architecture that intentionally engages the natural systems of a site. The establishment of assessment criteria implies the definition of building design criteria. If we establish criteria that are based on our best scientific understanding of environmental capacity, we will begin to develop a building stock that is sustainable. To do this we must quantify the link between the resulting environmental impacts and their cause in building production and use. This is not done in traditional building environmental impact assessment methods, which are based on quantifying assumed negative impacts of man-made interventions on the natural environment, typically using a code compliant reference building as a standard to improve upon. These indexes lack an ecologically derived baseline, or standard of measure, under which sustainable developments can be analyzed and compared on a universal basis. An ecologically derived baseline can be used to measure negative impacts as well as positive impacts of buildings. It also allows vastly different project types, sizes and locations to be compared on an equal basis. This study extends the concept of ecological capacity into an architectural context, and develops carrying capacity as a time and area dependent tool to evaluate the effectiveness of environmental building design. The ecosystem services criteria study uses an objective metric of carrying capacity as an ecologically derived baseline (hectare/years) to assess building sustainability. The farmhouse, a low energy, biological material based building located in Boulder, Colorado is evaluated to show the application of this method. The relative ecological impact of energy and materials for this project is described, as well as identification of effective strategies for reducing environmental impacts of typical buildings.