The responses of autistic children to the distress of others
The responses of autistic children to the distress of others
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1026040615628
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发表时间：
1998-04-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Allen, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bacon, AL;Fein, D;Allen, D
来自五个组（发育性语言障碍，高功能自闭症，低功能自闭症，智力迟钝，正常发展）的学龄前儿童的行为被编码在三种情况下：介绍一个非社会定向刺激（一个陌生的噪音）和两个社会情况下，涉及模拟痛苦的一部分，他们正在玩的成年人。认知水平与刺激的反应水平相关，只有两个弱智组（弱智和低功能自闭症）。女孩表现出更多的亲社会行为比男孩在这两种社会情况下，独立的诊断。语言障碍的孩子只表现出轻微的社交缺陷。低功能自闭症儿童在所有情况下都表现出明显的反应缺陷。智力迟钝和高功能自闭症儿童对所有情况都表现出良好的意识，但他们的亲社会反应能力中度受损;他们很少主动采取亲社会行为，但确实对特定的提示做出反应。与其他所有群体相比，这两个自闭症群体的行为特征是缺乏社会参照;他们在模糊和不熟悉的刺激面前不倾向于看向成年人。结果进行了讨论，在高和低功能自闭症儿童之间的变异，并在自闭症的核心缺陷的影响。
The behavior of preschool children from five groups (developmental language disordered, high-functioning autistic, low-functioning autistic, mentally retarded, and normally developing) were coded in three situations: presentation of a nonsocial orienting stimulus (an unfamiliar noise) and two social situations involving simulated distress on the part of an adult with whom they were playing. Cognitive level was correlated with level of responsiveness to stimuli only for the two retarded groups (mentally retarded and low-functioning autistic). Girls showed more prosocial behavior than boys in both social situations, independent of diagnosis. The language-disordered children showed only mild and subtle social deficits. The low-functioning autistic children showed pronounced deficits in responding in all situations. The mentally retarded and high-functioning autistic children showed good awareness of all situations, but were moderately impaired in their ability to respond prosocially; they rarely initiated prosocial behavior, but did respond to specific prompts. The behavioral feature that marked both autistic groups, in contrast to all other groups, was a lack of social referencing; they did not tend to look toward an adult in the presence of an ambiguous and unfamiliar stimulus. Results are discussed in terms of variability between and among high- and low-functioning autistic children, and implications for the core deficits in autism.