Food sovereignty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints
Food sovereignty in US food movements: radical visions and neoliberal constraints
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DOI：
10.1007/s10460-012-9356-z
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Mares, Teresa Marie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alkon, Alison Hope;Mares, Teresa Marie
尽管粮食主权的概念植根于全球南部的国际农民运动，但活动人士最近呼吁在美国城市的低收入有色人种社区中采用这一框架。本文调查了在加利福尼亚州奥克兰和华盛顿州西雅图，粮食主权与粮食正义和社区粮食安全积极分子的工作相结合的实地过程。在奥克兰，我们分析了一个试图将黑人农民与低收入消费者联系起来的农贸市场。在西雅图，我们关注拉丁美洲流离失所的移民农民的经历，以及他们在移民后为解决粮食需求所做的努力。在这两种情况下，我们发现美国的项目都受到了更广泛的新自由主义力量的制约，而这些力量仍然没有得到当地活动人士的认可。在奥克兰，尽管人们希望建立一个由被边缘化的非裔美国人领导的当地食品体系，但对在农业中提供绿色就业机会的重视，导致活动人士采取了以市场为基础的方法，使当地食品脱离了缺乏粮食保障的社区居民的经济掌控。在西雅图，拉美裔/移民农民丰富的农业生态知识被边缘化，使当地粮食项目的包容性和变革能力降低。综上所述，这些截然不同的案例表明，向粮食主权的转变需要广泛承认和抵制新自由主义。
Although the concept of food sovereignty is rooted in International Peasant Movements across the global south, activists have recently called for the adoption of this framework among low-income communities of color in the urban United States. This paper investigates on-the-ground processes through which food sovereignty articulates with the work of food justice and community food security activists in Oakland, California, and Seattle, Washington. In Oakland, we analyze a farmers market that seeks to connect black farmers to low-income consumers. In Seattle, we attend to the experiences of displaced immigrant farmers from Latin America and their efforts to address their food needs following migration. In both cases, we find that US based projects were constrained by broader forces of neoliberalism that remained unrecognized by local activists. In Oakland, despite a desire to create a local food system led by marginalized African Americans, emphasis on providing green jobs in agriculture led activists to take a market-based approach that kept local food out of the economic grasp of food-insecure neighborhood residents. In Seattle, the marginalization of the immense agroecological knowledge of Latino/an immigrant farmers rendered local food projects less inclusive and capable of transformative change. Taken together, these very different cases suggest that a shift towards food sovereignty necessitates a broad acknowledgement of and resistance to neoliberalism.