Efficacy of pest and pathogen control, yield and quality of winter lettuce crops managed with reduced pesticide applications
Efficacy of pest and pathogen control, yield and quality of winter lettuce crops managed with reduced pesticide applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2015.07.003
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Lescourret, Francoise
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barriere, Virginie;Lecompte, Francois;Lescourret, Francoise
在传统农业中，莴苣作物需要使用大量的杀虫剂来满足严格的工业规格和市场要求。在生菜上使用农药，以确保高产，有吸引力的产品没有异物和损害。在这种情况下，减少农药是莴苣种植者面临的一个主要挑战。本研究的目的是评估通过综合使用各种替代技术来管理冬季莴苣作物的病虫害，从而减少农药使用量所带来的风险。两种替代作物保护策略（称为低投入和中间）的原型设计，然后进行比较，在三个地点在连续两个冬天的独立试验中，传统的生菜保护策略。评估和比较了每种策略对害虫和病原体控制以及生菜产量和品质的效果。在中等作物保护战略中，农药减少了32%，在低投入作物保护战略中减少了48%。无论采取何种策略，至少有15%的柑橘受到害虫和病原体损害的影响。在可能的害虫或疾病中，蚜虫是唯一的生物胁迫，其在策略之间存在显著差异（在低投入策略下，蚜虫侵染率为9.25%，商业损失为2.7%，而在常规策略下，蚜虫侵染率为0.83%，商业损失为0%）。在全球范围内，生物损害的重要性低于非生物损害（霜冻和梢烧），并导致在所有战略下的低商业损失。三种系统下的产量和生菜质量相似。因此，中等和低投入作物保护策略的表现与市场预期一致，并讨论了可能的改进。这项工作提供了一种方法和里程碑的设计和推广种植系统的目标是叶菜和较少依赖化学控制的害虫和病原体。(C)2015 Elsevier B.V.版权所有。
In conventional agriculture, lettuce crops receive large amounts of pesticides to meet stringent industrial specifications and market requirements. Pesticides are used on lettuce to ensure high-yielding, attractive products free from foreign bodies and damage. Pesticide reduction is a major challenge for lettuce growers in this context. The objective of this study was to assess the risk arising from a reduction in pesticide applications by using a combination of alternative techniques for the management of pests and diseases in winter lettuce crops. Two alternative crop protection strategies (called low-input and intermediate) were designed by prototyping and then compared to a conventional lettuce protection strategy in independent trials carried out in three locations over two successive winters. The efficacy of each strategy for pest and pathogen control, as well as lettuce yield and quality, were assessed and compared. Pesticides were reduced by 32% in the intermediate crop protection strategy, and by 48% in the low-input crop protection strategy. At least 15% of lettuces were affected by pest and pathogen damage, whatever the strategy. Among possible pests or diseases, aphids were the only biotic stress which differed significantly between strategies (9.25% of lettuces infested and 2.7% of commercial losses under the low-input strategy, as compared to 0.83% of lettuces infested and 0% of commercial losses under the conventional strategy). Globally, biotic damage was less important than abiotic damage (frost and tip burn), and resulted in low commercial losses under all strategies. Similar yields and lettuce quality were recorded under the three systems. Therefore the performances of intermediate and low-input crop protection strategies were consistent with market expectations, and possible improvements are discussed. This work provides a methodology and landmarks for the design and dissemination of cropping systems targeted to leafy vegetables and less dependent on chemical control of pests and pathogens. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.