The Land Sparing, Water Surface Use Efficiency, and Water Surface Transformation of Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installations
The Land Sparing, Water Surface Use Efficiency, and Water Surface Transformation of Floating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Installations
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DOI：
10.3390/su12198154
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发表时间：
2020-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Hernandez, Rebecca R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cagle, Alexander E.;Armstrong, Alona;Hernandez, Rebecca R.
浮动光伏太阳能装置（FPV）代表了一种新型水面利用方式，可能节省农业和环境保护所需的土地。然而，FPV 的土地节约和资源利用效率缺乏标准化指标。这些指标对于了解 FPV 可能表现出的环境和生态影响至关重要。在这里，我们比较了跨越不同气候条件的四种 FPV 的技术水文和空间属性。接下来，我们定义并量化了每个 FPV 的土地节约和水面利用效率（WSUE）。最后，我们使用世界上第一个 FPV（加利福尼亚州 Far Niente 酒庄）的发电数据创造并计算了水面变换 (WST)。四个 FPV 节省了 59,555 m(2) 的土地，与地面安装光伏相比，平均土地节省率为 2.7:1 m(2)。基于平均直接容量和总容量的 WSUE 分别为 94.5 +/- 20.1 SD Wm(-2) 和 35.2 +/- 27.4 SD Wm(-2)。 Far Niente 的直接发电 WST 和总发电 WST 分别为 9.3 和 13.4 m(2) MWh(-1) yr(-1)；面积比地面安装公用事业规模光伏发电少 2.3 倍。我们的结果揭示了 FPV 的多种技术水文和空间属性、FPV 节省土地的能力以及 WSUE 和 WST 指标的效用。
Floating photovoltaic solar energy installations (FPVs) represent a new type of water surface use, potentially sparing land needed for agriculture and conservation. However, standardized metrics for the land sparing and resource use efficiencies of FPVs are absent. These metrics are critical to understanding the environmental and ecological impacts that FPVs may potentially exhibit. Here, we compared techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of four FPVs spanning different climatic regimes. Next, we defined and quantified the land sparing and water surface use efficiency (WSUE) of each FPV. Lastly, we coined and calculated the water surface transformation (WST) using generation data at the world's first FPV (Far Niente Winery, California). The four FPVs spare 59,555 m(2) of land and have a mean land sparing ratio of 2.7:1 m(2) compared to ground-mounted PVs. Mean direct and total capacity-based WSUE is 94.5 +/- 20.1 SD Wm(-2) and 35.2 +/- 27.4 SD Wm(-2), respectively. Direct and total generation-based WST at Far Niente is 9.3 and 13.4 m(2) MWh(-1) yr(-1), respectively; 2.3 times less area than ground-mounted utility-scale PVs. Our results reveal diverse techno-hydrological and spatial attributes of FPVs, the capacity of FPVs to spare land, and the utility of WSUE and WST metrics.