Bacterial responses to neutrophil phagocytosis.
Bacterial responses to neutrophil phagocytosis.
复制标题
细菌对中性粒细胞吞噬作用的反应。
DOI：
10.1097/00062752-200401000-00002
复制
发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Rosen,Henry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rosen,Henry
对于许多病原体，与吞噬细胞接触或被吞噬细胞摄入会引起强烈但多样的微生物反应。反应库包括将效应分子注入宿主细胞的III型和IV型分泌系统的激活。效应子修饰宿主细胞信号传导和代谢途径以有利于微生物的存活。而微生物分泌结构种类少，相对保守，效应分子是众多的和可变的。效应子可促进非吞噬细胞的吞噬作用或抑制巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的吞噬作用。它们可以抑制吞噬细胞NADPH氧化酶的组装或错误定位，该氧化酶负责产生毒性氧化剂，并且它们可以抑制吞噬体-溶酶体融合。被吞噬的细菌也可能上调防御蛋白的表达，从而减弱吞噬细胞衍生的抗微生物毒素的作用。这些致病策略可能起源于进化早期出现的单细胞生物（真核生物与原核生物）之间的竞争。
For many pathogens, contact with or ingestion by phagocytes elicits a vigorous but varied microbial response. The response repertoire includes activation of type III and type IV secretion systems that inject effector molecules into the host cell. Effectors modify host cell signaling and metabolic pathways to favor survival of the microbe. Whereas microbial secretory structures are few in kind and relatively conserved, effector molecules are numerous and variable. Effectors may promote phagocytosis by nonphagocytic cells or suppress phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils. They may suppress assembly or misdirect localization of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase that is responsible for generating toxic oxidants, and they may suppress phagosome-lysosome fusion. Phagocytosed bacteria may also up-regulate the expression of defensive proteins that attenuate the effects of phagocyte-derived antimicrobial toxins. These pathogenic stratagems probably have their origins in the competition among single-celled organisms, eukaryotes versus prokaryotes, that arose early in evolution.