The revelation effect: A meta-analytic test of hypotheses
The revelation effect: A meta-analytic test of hypotheses
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启示效应：假设的荟萃分析检验
DOI：
10.3758/s13423-017-1227-6
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
W. Hockley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
André Aßfalg;D. Bernstein;W. Hockley
判断可以取决于直接在它们之前的活动。一个例子是启示效应，即参与者更有可能声称，刺激是熟悉的前一个任务后，如解决一个字谜，比没有前一个任务。我们在对26年启示效应研究的荟萃分析中检验了四个启示效应假设的相互矛盾的预测。假设的预测涉及三个主题领域：（1）受启示效应影响的判断基础（回忆、熟悉、流利），（2）任务与测试项目之间的相似程度，（3）前一任务的难度。我们使用分层多变量荟萃分析来解释实验过程中的依赖效应大小和方差。我们测试的启示效应假设与模型选择程序，其中每个模型对应于一个启示效应假设的预测。我们进一步量化了一个模型与另一个贝叶斯因子相比的证据量。这一分析的结果表明，没有一个现存的启示效应假说可以完全解释的数据。启示效应假说的普遍错误和数据的缺乏是我们分析的主要限制因素，强调了对形式化理论的需要和对令人困惑的启示效应的进一步研究。
Judgments can depend on the activity directly preceding them. An example is the revelation effect whereby participants are more likely to claim that a stimulus is familiar after a preceding task, such as solving an anagram, than without a preceding task. We test conflicting predictions of four revelation-effect hypotheses in a meta-analysis of 26 years of revelation-effect research. The hypotheses’ predictions refer to three subject areas: (1) the basis of judgments that are subject to the revelation effect (recollection vs. familiarity vs. fluency), (2) the degree of similarity between the task and test item, and (3) the difficulty of the preceding task. We use a hierarchical multivariate meta-analysis to account for dependent effect sizes and variance in experimental procedures. We test the revelation-effect hypotheses with a model selection procedure, where each model corresponds to a prediction of a revelation-effect hypothesis. We further quantify the amount of evidence for one model compared to another with Bayes factors. The results of this analysis suggest that none of the extant revelation-effect hypotheses can fully account for the data. The general vagueness of revelation-effect hypotheses and the scarcity of data were the major limiting factors in our analyses, emphasizing the need for formalized theories and further research into the puzzling revelation effect.
石井，N.；A.W.M.辛普森；C.C.阿什利：科学。
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