Child maltreatment severity and adult trauma symptoms: does perceived social support play a buffering role?
Child maltreatment severity and adult trauma symptoms: does perceived social support play a buffering role?
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.03.005
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发表时间：
2013-11
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
DiLillo D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evans SE;Steel AL;DiLillo D
本研究调查了领悟到的社会支持对儿童虐待严重程度和成人创伤症状之间的关系的调节作用。我们通过考察多种虐待类型的严重性(即性虐待、身体虐待和情感虐待；身体和情感忽视)和性别在这一过程中的作用来扩展现有的文献。样本包括从结婚证记录中招募的372名新婚人士。参与者完成了一些自我报告问卷，测量虐待儿童历史的性质和严重程度，感受到来自朋友和家人的社会支持，以及与创伤相关的症状。这些问卷是一项更大的研究的一部分，调查的是婚姻和个人内部的功能。我们对来自家庭的领悟社会支持和来自朋友的领悟社会支持分别进行了两步递阶多元回归模型。在每个模型中，根据每个儿童虐待严重程度变量、感受到的社会支持以及这两个变量的乘积来预测总体创伤症状。为了考察性别的作用，我们对女性和男性进行了单独的分析。正如假设的那样，几种虐待类型(性虐待、情感虐待、情感忽视和身体忽视)的严重性增加预示着女性和男性都会出现更严重的创伤症状，身体虐待严重程度的增加预示着女性会出现更严重的创伤症状。从家人和朋友那里感受到的社会支持预示着在对男性的所有虐待级别中，创伤症状都会降低。对于女性来说，来自朋友而不是来自家人的更大的社会支持预示着创伤症状的减少。最后，在妇女中，来自家庭的感受到的社会支持与虐待儿童相互作用，因此，随着虐待(身体和情感虐待、情感忽视)的严重程度增加，来自家庭的感受到的社会支持对创伤症状的缓冲作用减弱。目前的研究结果为社会支持保护个人免受长期创伤症状的可能性提供了新的线索，并表明在与虐待儿童的成年幸存者合作时，加强对可获得社会支持的看法的重要性。
The current study investigates the moderating effect of perceived social support on associations between child maltreatment severity and adult trauma symptoms. We extend the existing literature by examining the roles of severity of multiple maltreatment types (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) and gender in this process. The sample included 372 newlywed individuals recruited from marriage license records. Participants completed a number of self-report questionnaires measuring the nature and severity of child maltreatment history, perceived social support from friends and family, and trauma-related symptoms. These questionnaires were part of a larger study, investigating marital and intrapersonal functioning. We conducted separate, two-step hierarchical multiple regression models for perceived social support from family and perceived social support from friends. In each of these models, total trauma symptomatology was predicted from each child maltreatment severity variable, perceived social support, and the product of the two variables. In order to examine the role of gender, we conducted separate analyses for women and men. As hypothesized, increased severity of several maltreatment types (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect) predicted greater trauma symptoms for both women and men, and increased physical abuse severity predicted greater trauma symptoms for women. Perceived social support from both family and friends predicted lower trauma symptoms across all levels of maltreatment for men. For women, greater perceived social support from friends, but not from family, predicted decreased trauma symptoms. Finally, among women, perceived social support from family interacted with child maltreatment such that, as the severity of maltreatment (physical and emotional abuse, emotional neglect) increased, the buffering effect of perceived social support from family on trauma symptoms diminished. The results of the current study shed new light on the potential for social support to shield individuals against long-term trauma symptoms, and suggest the importance of strengthening perceptions of available social support when working with adult survivors of child maltreatment.
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