No Smoke without Tobacco: A Global Overview of Cannabis and Tobacco Routes of Administration and Their Association with Intention to Quit.
No Smoke without Tobacco: A Global Overview of Cannabis and Tobacco Routes of Administration and Their Association with Intention to Quit.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00104
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Winstock AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hindocha C;Freeman TP;Ferris JA;Lynskey MT;Winstock AR
大麻和烟草是全世界常见的滥用药物，经常通过各种给药途径合并使用。在这里，我们的目的是概述大麻和烟草路线在各国之间的差异，并评估基于烟草的ROA对不同模型中减少使用大麻和烟草的动机的影响。一项横断面在线调查（2014年全球毒品调查）由33，687名受访者（平均年龄= 27.9;女性百分比= 25.9）完成，他们在过去12个月内至少吸食过一次大麻。记录了最常见的罗阿、大麻/烟草使用频率以及关于减少大麻/烟草使用动机的问题。65.6%的受访者使用基于烟草的罗阿。这些在欧洲（77.2-90.9%）和澳大拉西亚（20.7-51.6%）最常见，在美洲（4.4-16.0%）不常见。汽化器的使用在加拿大（13.2%）和美国（11.2%）最常见。使用非烟草罗阿与“希望少用”烟草的几率增加10.7%相关（OR：1.107，95% CI：1.003，1.221），“喜欢帮助少吸烟”的几率增加80.6%（OR：1.806，95%CI：1.556，2.095），与使用基于烟草的罗阿相比，“计划寻求帮助以减少烟草使用”的几率增加了103.9%（OR：2.039，95%CI：1.638，2.539）。罗阿和意图使用较少的大麻之间的关联是不一致的。结果支持大麻和烟草罗阿的全球差异。烟草路线很常见，尤其是“与烟草接头”，尤其是在欧洲，但在美洲没有。非烟草途径与改变烟草使用的动机增加有关。针对烟草和大麻的干预措施需要考虑到这一发现，并鼓励非烟草途径。
Cannabis and tobacco are common drugs of abuse worldwide and are often used in combination through various routes of administration (ROAs). Here, we aimed to provide an overview of how cannabis and tobacco routes varied across countries and assess the impact of tobacco-based ROAs on motivation to use less cannabis, and less tobacco, in different models. A cross-sectional online survey (Global Drugs Survey 2014) was completed by 33,687 respondents (mean age = 27.9; % female = 25.9) who smoked cannabis at least once in the last 12 months. Most common ROA, frequency of cannabis/tobacco use, and questions about motivation to use less cannabis/tobacco were recorded. Tobacco-based ROA were used by 65.6% of respondents. These were most common in Europe (77.2–90.9%) and Australasia (20.7–51.6%) and uncommon in the Americas (4.4–16.0%). Vaporizer use was most common in Canada (13.2%) and the United States (11.2%). Using a non-tobacco ROA was associated with a 10.7% increase in odds for “desire to use less” tobacco (OR: 1.107, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.221), 80.6% increase in odds for “like help to use less tobacco” (OR: 1.806, 95% CI: 1.556, 2.095), and a 103.9% increase in the odds for “planning to seek help to use less tobacco” (OR: 2.039, 95% CI: 1.638, 2.539), in comparison to using a tobacco-based ROA. Associations between ROA and intentions to use less cannabis were inconsistent. Results support considerable global variation in cannabis and tobacco ROA. Tobacco routes are common, especially “joints with tobacco,” especially in Europe, but not in the Americas. Non-tobacco-based routes are associated with increased motivation to change tobacco use. Interventions addressing tobacco and cannabis need to accommodate this finding and encourage non-tobacco routes.