Using Perspective to Resolve Reference: The Impact of Cognitive Load and Motivation
Using Perspective to Resolve Reference: The Impact of Cognitive Load and Motivation
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000345
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Apperly, Ian A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cane, James E.;Ferguson, Heather J.;Apperly, Ian A.
研究表明，观点采择和工作记忆之间存在联系。在这里，我们使用眼动仪检查的时间过程中，工作记忆负荷（WML）的影响，观点采择能力的参考通信任务，以及如何动机采取另一个的观点调制这些效果。在实验1中，没有奖励或时间压力，听众只显示出证据，将视角知识在整合的目标对象，但没有预期的参考，这个共同的地面对象在pretarget-noun期间。WML并不影响这种透视图的使用。在实验2中，对速度和准确性给予奖励，听众使用视角线索从处理的最早时刻（即，在pretarget-noun期间），但仅在低负荷下。在高负荷下，响应与控制条件，其中两个对象是在共同的地面。此外，试图启动高负荷下的视角相关的反应，导致受损的回忆并发WML任务，表明视角相关的反应是利用有限的认知资源。这些结果表明，当存在歧义时，视角线索指导快速指称解释时，有足够的动机和足够的认知资源。
Research has demonstrated a link between perspective taking and working memory. Here we used eye tracking to examine the time course with which working memory load (WML) influences perspective-taking ability in a referential communication task and how motivation to take another's perspective modulates these effects. In Experiment 1, where there was no reward or time pressure, listeners only showed evidence of incorporating perspective knowledge during integration of the target object but did not anticipate reference to this common ground object during the pretarget-noun period. WML did not affect this perspective use. In Experiment 2, where a reward for speed and accuracy was applied, listeners used perspective cues to disambiguate the target object from the competitor object from the earliest moments of processing (i.e., during the pretarget-noun period), but only under low load. Under high load, responses were comparable with the control condition, where both objects were in common ground. Furthermore, attempts to initiate perspective-relevant responses under high load led to impaired recall on the concurrent WML task, indicating that perspective-relevant responses were drawing on limited cognitive resources. These results show that when there is ambiguity, perspective cues guide rapid referential interpretation when there is sufficient motivation and sufficient cognitive resources.