PHYSICAL DOSIMETRY OF CHERNOBYL CLEANUP WORKERS
PHYSICAL DOSIMETRY OF CHERNOBYL CLEANUP WORKERS
复制标题
切尔诺贝利清理工作人员的物理剂量测定
作者：
V. Chumak
本文对1986年至1990年切尔诺贝利清理期间的剂量监测实践进行了严格的审查。剂量监测被认为是在时间演变方面的立法背景（包括剂量限制），剂量评估的方法，和覆盖面的工人与辐射监测计划，以及可用性的数据个人剂量的清算。在切尔诺贝利，有四个大型的独立剂量测定服务机构（第605号建筑管理局、切尔诺贝利核电站、“Combinat”生产协会和部队）对不同的清理工人群体进行了质量和综合性各不相同的剂量测定监测。在这个范围内的极端是由高度专业的剂量测定服务的建设管理局第605号（苏联中型机械部），该组织为所有工人提供了高质量的个人热释光剂量计监测，（苏联国防部部队）谁收到了最不精确的群体剂量，然而，已经覆盖了所有的军事清理工人。主要群体的清算人被认为是从完整性和质量的角度来看，他们的剂量测定数据。确定了剂量测定数据的主要差距和现有剂量记录的局限性。从这些组成部分的重要性和需要缺失信息的角度考虑了剂量限值的演变问题和内部和β辐照监测问题。
This paper presents a critical review of dosimetric monitoring practices during Chernobyl cleanup from 1986 to 1990. Dosimetric monitoring is considered in time evolution with respect to legislative background (including dose limits), methods of dose assessment, and coverage of workers with radiation monitoring programs as well as availability of data on individual doses of liquidators. Four large independent dosimetry services (Administration of Construction No. 605, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Production Association “Combinat,” and the troops) had operated in Chernobyl covering different cohorts of cleanup workers with dosimetric monitoring of variable quality and comprehension. Extremes in this range were presented by the highly professional dosimetry service of the Administration of Construction No. 605 (USSR Ministry of Medium Machinery), which had provided total coverage of workers with high quality individual thermoluminescent dosimeter monitoring, and military (troops of the USSR Ministry of Defense) who had received the least precise group dosimetry, which, however, had covered the whole population of military cleanup workers. The main groups of liquidators are considered from the point of view of completeness and quality of their dosimetric data. Main gaps in dosimetric data and limitations of existing dose records are identified. The issues of evolution of dose limits and problems of monitoring internal and beta exposure are considered from the point of view of significance of these components and the need for missing information.