Hermetic storage technologies preserve maize seed quality and minimize grain quality loss in smallholder farming systems in Mexico
Hermetic storage technologies preserve maize seed quality and minimize grain quality loss in smallholder farming systems in Mexico
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jspr.2022.101954
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发表时间：
2022-02-23
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Verhulst, Nele
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Odjo, Sylvanus;Palacios-Rojas, Natalia;Verhulst, Nele
减少玉米收获后储存损失是墨西哥数百万小农面临的一项挑战。先前的一项研究记录了储存技术对储存谷物损失的影响。目前的研究跟进了这些实验，以评估各种储存技术的有效性-带和/或不带杀虫剂的聚丙烯袋，密封金属筒仓，密封袋，回收塑料容器，青贮塑料袋，微粉化石灰和标准石灰-在2017年和2018年期间在六个地点保持谷物和种子质量：三个农业生态低于海拔500米，三个农业生态高于海拔2000米。在储存六个月之前和之后收集使用上述每种技术储存的玉米样品。分析了无虫害样品的谷物成分（淀粉，蛋白质，油，醚提取物，多酚含量），选定的物理化学参数（脂肪酸度，在存储过程中的生化变化的指标;百粒重;浮选指数，谷物密度的间接参数;颜色;和发芽。储藏技术确实显著影响常量营养素含量，但在非密闭条件下储藏的谷物质量降低，这反映在脂肪酸度和浮选指数显著增加。种子萌发的影响较小的类型的存储技术在网站2000 masl以上，但在网站低于500 masl观察到显着的效果。平均而言，在低地地点，使用非密封技术（有或没有杀虫剂或石灰的聚丙烯袋）储存的种子的发芽能力下降了56%，而使用密封金属筒仓或密封袋储存的种子的发芽能力下降了2.8%。气密技术还通过减少代谢活动将质量损失降至最低。通过限制昆虫和真菌感染，减少储存玉米的数量和质量退化，密封技术可以促进墨西哥小农的粮食安全。
Reducing maize postharvest storage losses is a challenge for millions of smallholder farmers in Mexico. A previous study documented the effects of storage technologies on stored grain losses. The current study follows up on those experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of diverse storage technologies - polypropylene bags with and/or without insecticide, hermetic metal silos, hermetic bags, recycled plastic containers, silage plastic bags, micronized lime, and standard lime - in maintaining grain and seed quality during 2017 and 2018 at six sites: three agroecologies below 500 m above sea level (masl) and three agroecologies above 2000 masl. Maize samples stored using each of the above technologies were collected before and after six months of storage. Pest-free samples were analyzed for grain composition (starch, protein, oil, ether extracts, polyphenols contents), selected physicochemical parameters (fat acidity, an indicator of biochemical changes during storage; hundred kernel weight; flotation index, an indirect parameter of grain density; color; and germination. Storage technologies did significantly affect macronutrient content, but the quality of grain stored under non-hermetic conditions was reduced, as reflected in significantly increased fat acidity and flotation index. Seed germination was less affected by the type of storage technology at sites above 2000 masl but a significant effect was observed at sites below 500 masl. On average, the germination capacity of seed stored using non-hermetic technologies (polypropylene bags with or without insecticide or lime) dropped 56% at lowland sites, as compared to 2.8% for seed stored using hermetic metal silos or hermetic bags. Airtight technologies also minimized quality losses by reducing metabolic activities. By limiting insect and fungi infestation and reducing quantity and quality degradation in stored maize, hermetic technologies can contribute to Mexican smallholder farmers' food security.