Fluctuation in time-resolved PM2.5 from rural households with solid fuel-associated internal emission sources
Fluctuation in time-resolved PM2.5 from rural households with solid fuel-associated internal emission sources
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.041
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Tao, Shu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qi, Meng;Du, Wei;Tao, Shu
室内空气对总体暴露影响很大，特别是对于经常使用固体燃料做饭和/或取暖的中国农村地区。不幸的是，被忽视的农村室内空气导致了严重的知识差距。冬季，利用六通道粒子计数器对 18 个生物质燃烧农村家庭和 3 个非生物质燃烧城市家庭（作为比较）进行厨房、客厅和房屋外的同步测量，以表征室内空气污染的动态变化模式和室内外关系。农村家庭主要使用木材或农作物秸秆做饭和取暖，而城市家庭则使用管道天然气做饭和空调取暖。在有大量固体燃料燃烧内部来源的农村家庭中，最高浓度出现在厨房（101+/-56μg/m（3）），客厅中的浓度相当（99+/-46μg/m（3）），室外空气中浓度较低（91+/-39μg/m（3））。农村和城市家庭的室内外交流方向总体相反。由于固体燃料燃烧（主要是农村家庭）和食用油取暖（农村和城市家庭），厨房空气中的PM比客厅和室外的要小。室内外PM浓度变化同步，城市家庭室内空气略有滞后，农村家庭室外空气略有滞后。炊事、取暖、吸烟等均显着升高了室内PM2.5浓度，但与炊事活动产生的持续30分钟左右的峰值不同，取暖排放由于频繁的扰动和燃料供给，造成了一系列的峰值，对日均浓度的影响更为显着。没有强大的内部生物质燃烧源的两个家庭类别之间独特的室内外关系和动态变化模式意味着需要完全不同的模型方案来定量解决室内空气污染和吸入暴露。 (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Indoor air contributes significantly to overall exposure, particularly for rural Chinese who often use solid fuels for cooking and/or heating. Unfortunately, overlooked rural indoor air leads to a critical knowledge gap. Simultaneous measurements in the kitchen, living room, and immediately outside of houses using six-channel particle counters were carried out in 18 biomass-burning rural and 3 non-biomass-burning urban households (as a comparison) in winter to characterize dynamic change patterns indoor air pollution and indoor-outdoor relationship. The rural households mainly used wood or crop residues for cooking and heating, while the urban households used pipelined natural gas for cooking and air conditioners for heating. In rural households with significant solid-fuel burning internal sources, the highest concentration was found in the kitchen (101 +/- 56 mu g/m(3)), with comparable levels in the living room (99 +/- 46 mu g/m(3)) and low levels in outdoor air (91 +/- 39 mu g/m(3)). A generally opposite direction of indoor outdoor exchange was found between the rural and urban households. PM in kitchen air is smaller than that in living rooms and outdoors because solid fuel burning (mainly in rural households) and cooking oil heating (in rural and urban households). Indoor and outdoor PM concentration changed synchronously, with a slight delay in indoor air in urban households but a slight delay in outdoor air in rural households. Cooking, heating, and smoking elevated indoor PM significantly, but different from the cooking activity that produced peaks lasting for about 30 min, emissions from heating created a series of peaks due to frequent disturbance and fuel-feeding and had more significant impacts on the daily average concentration. Distinct indoor-outdoor relationships and dynamic change patterns between the two household categories w/o strong internal biomass burning sources imply that totally different model schemes are needed to quantitatively address indoor air pollution and inhalation exposure. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.