Gender, family structure and cardiovascular activity during the working day and evening
Gender, family structure and cardiovascular activity during the working day and evening
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00324-x
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Cropley, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steptoe, A;Lundwall, K;Cropley, M
本研究采用心理生理学方法，以工作日和晚上的心血管功能作为生理活动的指标，对社会角色和幸福感进行调查。162名全职学校教师（102名女性和60名男性）使用自动化动态血压监测仪进行评估，工作日（上午9点至下午5点40分）每20分钟读数一次，晚上（下午6点至10点30分）每30分钟读数一次。性别、婚姻状况和父母身份（定义为至少有一个孩子住在家里）对工作日血压和昼夜差异的影响进行了研究。在整个工作日，血压和心率没有与婚姻角色或家庭结构有关的差异。然而，工作日和晚上之间的血压下降在父母中最大，在已婚非父母中居中，在没有孩子的单身参与者中最小。根据年龄和体重指数调整后的收缩压差异，三组的平均值分别为-4.46、-1.76和+0.22 mmHg。舒张压也有类似的变化，但心率没有变化。我们还发现，收缩压的昼夜下降受到社会支持的调节，在报告高水平社会支持的父母中变化最大（平均调整差异-6.76 mmHg）。这些血压反应在男性和女性之间没有差异，也没有迹象表明全职工作的母亲会出现多重角色压力。结果是独立的伴随体力活动，测量过程中的位置，或报告的工作压力。我们认为，研究结果与多个社会角色的增强模型是一致的，并且对工作，已婚和父母的个人具有较低的非稳态负荷。对日常生活的心理生理学研究可以补充对社会角色和健康的流行病学和社会学调查。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
This study applied psychophysiological methods to the investigation of social roles and well-being, using cardiovascular function over a working day and evening as an index of physiological activation. One hundred and sixty-two full-time school teachers (102 women and 60 men) were assessed using automated ambulatory blood pressure monitoring apparatus, with readings every 20 min through the working day (9.00 am-5.40 pm), and every 30 min in the evening (6.00-10.30 pm). The influence of gender, marital status and parenthood (defined as having at least one child living at home) on blood pressure during the working day and on day-evening differences was examined.There were no differences in blood pressure and heart rate across the working day in relation to marital roles or family structure. However, the decrease in blood pressure between working day and evening was greatest in parents, intermediate in married non-parents, and smallest in single participants without children. Differences in systolic pressure adjusted for age and body mass index averaged -4.46, -1.76 and +0.22 mmHg in the three groups, respectively. A similar pattern was observed for diastolic pressure but not heart rate. We also found that the day-evening fall in systolic pressure was moderated by social support, with the greatest change (mean adjusted difference -6.76 mmHg) in parents who reported high levels of social support. These blood pressure responses did not differ between men and women, and there was no indication of multiple role strain for full-time working mothers. The results were independent of concomitant physical activity, location during measurement, or reported job strain. We argue that findings are consistent with an enhancement model of multiple social roles, and with lower allostatic load on individuals who are working, married and parents. Psychophysiological studies of daily life can complement epidemiological and sociological investigations of social roles and health. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.