Visual similarity effects in immediate serial recall and (sometimes) in immediate serial recognition
Visual similarity effects in immediate serial recall and (sometimes) in immediate serial recognition
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DOI：
10.3758/s13421-019-00979-5
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发表时间：
2019-11-07
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Surprenant, Aimee M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chubala, Chrissy M.;Guitard, Dominic;Surprenant, Aimee M.
在立即连续回忆和立即连续识别测试中，发音不相似的单词比其他发音相似的单词回忆得更好，这就是所谓的声学相似效应。尽管使用即时连续回忆的研究显示了一种相似的视觉相似效应，即看起来不相似的单词比看起来相似的单词回忆得更好，但这种效应还没有在立即连续识别中得到检验。我们从特征模型中推导出一个预测，即只有当物品在听觉上不相似时，才会在即时序列识别中观察到视觉相似效应；当物品在听觉上相似时，该模型预测不会产生任何影响。实验1和实验2使用视觉相似和视觉相似的刺激，它们在听觉上都是相似的，在连续回忆中复制了视觉相似效应，但在连续再认中没有显示效果。实验3和实验4使用了第二组声学上不同的刺激，发现在连续回忆和连续再认中都存在视觉相似性效应。这些实验证实了特征模型的预测，并增加了先前的发现，即序列回忆和序列识别这两个测试可能会显示出截然不同的结果，因为这两个测试并不像之前认为的那样相似。
Words that sound dissimilar are recalled better than otherwise comparable words that sound similar on both immediate serial recall and immediate serial recognition tests, the so-called acoustic similarity effect. Although studies using immediate serial recall have shown an analogous visual similarity effect, in which words that look dissimilar are recalled better than words that look similar, this effect has not been examined in immediate serial recognition. We derived a prediction from the Feature Model that a visual similarity effect will be observed in immediate serial recognition only when the items are acoustically dissimilar; the model predicts no effect when the items are acoustically similar. Experiments 1 and 2 used visually dissimilar and visually similar stimuli that were all acoustically similar and replicated the visual similarity effect in serial recall but revealed no effect in serial recognition. Experiments 3 and 4 used a second set of stimuli that were acoustically dissimilar and found a visual similarity effect in both serial recall and serial recognition. The experiments confirm the Feature Model's predictions and add to earlier findings that the two tests, serial recall and serial recognition, may show quite different results because the two tests are not as similar as previously thought.