Vitamin D: A D-Lightful Solution for Health
Vitamin D: A D-Lightful Solution for Health
复制标题
DOI：
10.2310/jim.0b013e318214ea2d
复制
发表时间：
2011-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Holick, Michael F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holick, Michael F.
在整个进化过程中，皮肤中阳光产生的维生素D对健康至关重要。被称为阳光维生素的维生素D实际上是一种荷尔蒙。一旦它在皮肤中产生或从饮食中摄取，它在肝脏和肾脏中被顺序转化为其生物活性形式1，25-二羟基维生素D。这种激素与其在小肠中的受体相互作用，增加肠道钙和磷的吸收效率，以维持骨骼的一生。在生命的最初几年，维生素D缺乏会导致骨盆变平，使分娩变得困难。维生素D缺乏会导致骨量减少和骨质疏松，增加骨折的风险。从本质上讲，人体内的每个组织和细胞都有维生素D受体。因此，维生素D缺乏与先兆子痫的风险增加有关，需要为分娩、多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、I型和II型糖尿病、心脏病、痴呆症、致命癌症和传染病进行剖腹产。因此，合理的日晒，同时补充维生素D，成人每天至少2000个单位，儿童每天1000个单位，对于最大限度地提高他们的健康是至关重要的。
Throughout evolution, sunlight-produced vitamin D in the skin has been critically important for health. Vitamin D, known as the sunshine vitamin, is actually a hormone. Once it is produced in the skin or ingested from the diet, it is converted sequentially in the liver and kidneys to its biologically active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This hormone interacts with its receptor in the small intestine to increase the efficiency of intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption for the maintenance of the skeleton throughout life. Vitamin D deficiency during the first few years of life results in a flattened pelvis, making it difficult for childbirth. Vitamin D deficiency causes osteopenia and osteoporosis, increasing risk of fracture. Essentially, every tissue and cell in the body has a vitamin D receptor. Therefore, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to increased risk for preeclampsia, requiring a cesarean section for birthing, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, types I and II diabetes, heart disease, dementia, deadly cancers, and infectious diseases. Therefore, sensible sun exposure along with vitamin D supplementation of at least 2000 IU/d for adults and 1000 IU/d for children is essential to maximize their health.