Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment
Accuracy of 3D surface scanners for clinical torso and spinal deformity assessment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.medengphy.2018.11.004
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Little, J. Paige
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grant, Caroline A.;Johnston, Melissa;Little, J. Paige
外部可见的畸形是青少年特发性脊柱侧凸（AIS）患者非常关注的美容特征。目前AIS的评估技术并不能完全涵盖外部畸形。一种能够捕捉表面解剖结构的非侵入性方法，如3D扫描，将能够更好地对美容进行定性和定量评估。本研究旨在量化常用扫描仪在评估AIS后侧不对称时的准确性。提出了三维表面偏差分析技术，作为比较各扫描仪生成的模型的合适方法。使用8个为AIS患者制造牙套的石膏铸造模具作为测试样本。选择四款3D扫描仪：Solutionix RexScan CS+；Artec伊娃;微软Kinect V1；带有123D Catch应用程序的iPhone。这些扫描仪是从可用的具有代表性的一系列扫描技术中选择的。每个模型都被扫描并创建了3D模型。模拟肋峰测量得到，并确定了Solutionix扫描与所有其他扫描之间的表面对表面偏差。Solutionix扫描仪是一个非常高质量的计量扫描仪，因此它被选为参考。在正负方向上分别计算表面对表面的偏差，以明确识别扫描产生的尺寸和体积误差。Solutionix与Eva之间的表面偏差表现出良好的一致性，偏差为+0.17 +/- 0.17 mm （Eva区域较大）和0.20 +/- 0.32 mm （Eva区域较小）（平均SD）。Kinect的一致性较低（+1.58 +/- 1.50 mm和0.58 +/- 0.58 mm）。iPhone扫描无法缩放到正确的大小，因此被排除在外。所有扫描仪的肋骨驼峰测量值均在已知值的临床测量变异性（+/- 4.9度）范围内。这些市售的3D扫描仪能够在3D中对躯干形状进行成像，并得出临床相关的外部畸形测量。提供的非侵入性三维地形信息可用于改善脊柱畸形患者躯干形状的评估。(c) 2018年度。Elsevier Ltd.出版。版权所有。
Externally visible deformities are cosmetic features of great concern for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) patients. Current assessment techniques for AIS do not fully encompass the external deformity. A non-invasive method capable of capturing superficial anatomy, such as 3D scanning, would enable better qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cosmesis. This study aimed to quantify the accuracy of commonly available scanners, in assessing posterior asymmetry in AIS. The technique of 3D surface deviation analysis was proposed as a suitable method for comparing the models created by each scanner.Eight plaster cast moulds manufactured to create braces for AIS patients were used as test samples. Four 3D scanners were selected: Solutionix RexScan CS+; Artec Eva; Microsoft Kinect V1; iPhone with 123D Catch App. These scanners were selected from those available as representative of a range of scanning technologies.Each cast was scanned and 3D models created. A simulated rib hump measurement was obtained and the surface-to-surface deviations between the Solutionix scan and all other scans were determined. The Solutionix scanner is a metrology scanner of very high quality and so it was selected as the reference. Surface-to-surface deviations were calculated in the positive and negative directions separately to specifically identify size and volume inaccuracies created by the scans.Surface deviations showed excellent agreement between the Solutionix and the Eva with deviations of +0.17 +/- 0.17 mm (Eva regions larger) and 0.20 +/- 0.32 mm (Eva regions smaller) (mean SD). The Kinect showed lower agreement (+1.58 +/- 1.50 mm and 0.58 +/- 0.58 mm). The iPhone scans were not able to be scaled to the correct size, so were excluded. Rib hump measurements with all scanners were within clinical measurement variability (+/- 4.9 deg) of the known values.These commercially available 3D scanners are capable of imaging torso shape in 3D and deriving clinically relevant external deformity measures. The non-invasive 3D topographic information provided can be used to improve assessment of torso shape in spinal deformity patients. (C) 2018 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.