Processes of Recovery from Heroin Dependence: Relationship to Treatment, Social Changes and Drug Use
Processes of Recovery from Heroin Dependence: Relationship to Treatment, Social Changes and Drug Use
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海洛因依赖的恢复过程：与治疗、社会变化和吸毒的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Wille
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Wille
在1969年首次采访的128名海洛因使用者的代表性样本中，有40人报告在1976/77年的后续行动中戒除了鸦片类药物。其中25人在1977/78年接受了第三次面谈，并要求提供尿样，但没有事先通知。他们关于禁欲的自我报告的有效性和关于康复的答案的可靠性被发现是高的。对鸦片类药物的戒除并没有被对其他药物的依赖所取代。所有40名禁酒者都在1979年使用内政部的记录进行了跟踪调查。根据数据，只有1人复发，39人戒酒6年以上。从依赖到戒断的转变只是4例明显的变化，通常有一个中间阶段，使用其他药物的增加和/或偶尔使用阿片类药物。有一半的戒毒组(21人)在没有住院治疗的情况下戒烟，社会稳定通常在阿片类药物依赖停止之前。另一半(19人)在机构中禁欲。如果没有住院治疗，他们觉得无法实现有控制的逐渐减少，也无法管理身体上的戒断。这一群体在发展新身份方面的问题更为严重，社会变化和稳定通常发生在他们实际戒除鸦片类药物之后。
Forty people of a representative sample of 128 heroin users, first interviewed in 1969, reported to be abstinent from opiates at follow-up in 1976/77. Twenty-five of them were interviewed a third time in 1977/78 and asked for a urine sample without prior notification. The validity of their self-reports about abstinence and the reliability of answers about recovery were found to be high. Abstinence from opiates was not replaced by dependence on other drugs. All the 40 abstinent people were followed-up in 1979 using Home Office records. According to the data only 1 person had relapsed, 39 having abstained for more than 6 years. The transition from dependence to abstinence was only a clear cut change in 4 cases and usually had an intermediary stage with an increase in the use of other drugs and/or occasional use of opiates. Half of the abstinent group (21) became abstinent without inpatient treatment and social stabilization usually preceded the cessation of opiate dependence. The other half (19) became abstinent in institutions. They felt unable to achieve a controlled gradual reduction and to manage physical withdrawal without inpatient treatment. The problems in developing a new identity were more acute in this group and social changes and stabilization usually occurred after their physical withdrawal from opiates.