Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure among Smokers Not Intending to Quit
Reduced Nicotine Cigarettes: Smoking Behavior and Biomarkers of Exposure among Smokers Not Intending to Quit
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DOI：
10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0957
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
O'Connor, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammond, David;O'Connor, Richard J.
背景：美国FDA有权限制卷烟的尼古丁含量；然而，有人担心尼古丁含量低的香烟会吸得更猛烈，因此会增加接触烟雾中有毒化学物质的机会。这项研究调查了消费者行为和暴露对尼古丁含量大幅降低的香烟的反应变化。方法：72 名成年吸烟者完成了尼古丁含量降低香烟的非盲试验。参与者完成了 7 天的基线期，在此期间吸食常用品牌的香烟，然后连续 7 天吸食尼古丁含量逐渐降低的香烟（0.6、0.3 和 0.05 毫克释放量的 Quest 香烟）。每 7 天评估尼古丁依赖和戒断、吸烟行为以及暴露的生物标志物。结果：在常规品牌吸烟（类似于 1.2 毫克尼古丁）与 0.3 和 0.05 毫克尼古丁释放香烟之间观察到尼古丁摄入量显着减少，但 0.6 毫克香烟则没有。研究结果几乎没有提供 Quest 香烟补偿性吸烟的证据，在整个研究期间呼出一氧化碳水平、吸烟强度或 1-羟基芘水平没有增加。在吸烟冲动或尼古丁依赖测量方面没有观察到显着差异。结论：该研究进一步证明尼古丁含量显着降低的香烟与吸烟强度增加或接触烟雾毒物无关。影响：研究结果增加了尼古丁含量降低香烟的证据基础，并有可能为 FDA 关于尼古丁水平的政策提供信息。 (C) 2014 年 AACR。
Background: The U.S. FDA has the authority to limit the nicotine content of cigarettes; however, there are concerns that reduced nicotine cigarettes will be smoked more intensely and, therefore, will increase exposure to toxic chemicals in smoke. This study examined changes in consumer behavior and exposure in response to cigarettes with substantially reduced nicotine content.Methods: Seventy-two adult smokers completed an unblinded trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes. Participants completed a 7-day baseline period during which they smoked their usual cigarette brand, followed by consecutive 7-day periods smoking cigarettes with progressively lower nicotine levels (0.6, 0.3, and 0.05 mg emission Quest cigarettes). Nicotine dependence and withdrawal, smoking behavior, and biomarkers of exposure were assessed for each 7-day period.Results: Significant reductions in nicotine intake were observed between usual brand smoking (similar to 1.2 mg nicotine) and the 0.3 and 0.05 mg nicotine emission cigarettes, but not the 0.6 mg cigarette. The findings provide little evidence of compensatory smoking of Quest cigarettes, with no increases in exhaled breath carbon monoxide levels, smoking intensity, or levels of 1-hydroxypyrene across study periods. No significant differences were observed for smoking urges or measures of nicotine dependence.Conclusions: The study adds to the evidence that cigarettes with markedly reduced nicotine content are not associated with increased smoking intensity or exposure to smoke toxicants.Impact: The findings add to the evidence base on reduced nicotine content cigarettes and have the potential to inform FDA policy on nicotine levels. (C) 2014 AACR.