Lead exposure and intelligence in 7-year-old children: the Yugoslavia Prospective Study.
Lead exposure and intelligence in 7-year-old children: the Yugoslavia Prospective Study.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.97105956
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发表时间：
1997-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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为了进行铅暴露和早期发育的前瞻性研究，我们从一个铅冶炼城镇和南斯拉夫一个未接触铅的城镇招募了孕妇，并对她们的孩子进行了 7 岁的跟踪调查。在本文中，我们考虑了终生铅暴露（通过血铅 (BPb) 与时间曲线 (AUC7) 下的面积估计）与智力之间的关联，特别关注识别铅的行为特征。对 309 名 7 岁儿童进行了韦克斯勒儿童智力量表第三版 (WISC-III)，其中 261 名儿童拥有关于智力、血铅和相关社会人口统计协变量（即家庭环境测量观察 (HOME)、出生体重、性别、同胞大小和母亲年龄、种族、智力和教育程度）的完整数据。这些结果显示了与 7 年智力的预期关联，解释了全面智商、表现智商和语言智商中 41-4% 的差异。协变量调整前，AUC7与智力无关；调整后，AUC7 解释了 2.8%-4.2% 的 IQ 方差。调整后，寿命 BPb 从 10 微/分升变为 30 微/分升，估计降低了 4.3 个满量程 IQ 点；语言智商和表现智商的估计下降分别为 3.4 分和 4.5 分。 AUC7 与三个 WISC-III 因子得分显着负相关：免于分散注意力、知觉组织和言语理解；与感知组织的关联最强。与之前的研究一致，相对于更强大的社会因素，智商/领导力的关联较小。研究结果为领导者的行为特征提供了支持；与语言相关的智力方面相比，知觉运动技能对铅暴露更加敏感。
For a prospective study of lead exposure and early development, we recruited pregnant women from a lead smelter town and from an unexposed town in Yugoslavia and followed their children through 7 years of age. In this paper we consider associations between lifetime lead exposure, estimated by the area under the blood lead (BPb) versus time curve (AUC7), and intelligence, with particular concern for identifying lead's behavioral signature. The Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children-Version III (WISC-III) was administered to 309 7-year-old children, 261 of whom had complete data on intelligence, blood lead, and relevant sociodemographic covariates (i.e., Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME), birth weight, gender, sibship size, and maternal age, ethnicity, intelligence, and education). These showed anticipated associations with 7-year intelligence, explaining 41-4% of the variance in Full Scale, Performance, and Verbal IQ. Before covariate adjustment, AUC7 was unrelated to intelligence; after adjustment, AUC7 explained a significant 2.8%-4.2% of the variance in IQ. After adjustment, a change in lifetime BPb from 10 to 30 micro/dl related to an estimated decrease of 4.3 Full Scale IQ points; estimated decreases for Verbal and Performance IQ were 3.4 and 4.5 points, respectively. AUC7 was significantly and negatively related to three WISC-III factor scores: Freedom from Distractibility, Perceptual Organization, and Verbal Comprehension; the association with Perceptual Organization was the strongest. Consistent with previous studies, the IQ/lead association is small relative to more powerful social factors. Findings offer support for lead's behavioral signature; perceptual-motor skills are significantly more sensitive to lead exposure than are the language-related aspects of intelligence.