Pink salmon spawning habitat is recovering a decade after the Exxon Valdez oil spill
Pink salmon spawning habitat is recovering a decade after the Exxon Valdez oil spill
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DOI：
10.1577/t03-125.1
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Naydan, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carls, MG;Rice, SD;Naydan, DK
1989年，阿拉斯加威廉王子湾西部的许多粉红鲑鱼产卵溪流周围的潮间带沉积物被埃克森巴尔德斯石油泄漏污染。生化和卵挖掘证据表明，石油减少了粉红鲑鱼胚胎的存活数年。以前的研究还表明，溶解油可以从周围的含油沉积物转移到发育中的胚胎，通过排水的间隙水作为潮汐循环和水力梯度的结果。在这项研究中，完成了十年后的泄漏，我们采样流水的存在油使用被动膜采样装置，收集沉积物和粉红色鲑鱼卵碳氢化合物分析，并检查alevins诱导细胞色素P4501A（CYP1A）。多环芳烃（PAHs）符合埃克森巴尔德斯石油存在于水的六个严重影响流之一，在流中的总PAH浓度最大，在较低的潮间带。在第二条河流中同样分布的多环芳烃总量表明可能存在污染。在其余四条溪流中没有发现油类。诱导CYPIA粉红鲑鱼alevins从两个污染的流是最低的平均高潮以上的水和下游增加。因为我们的样本都是从含油量很大的河流中选择的，我们推断大多数粉红鲑鱼产卵的栖息地要么已经恢复，要么正在恢复。
Intertidal sediment surrounding many spawning streams for pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in western Prince William Sound, Alaska, was contaminated by the Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989. Biochemical and egg-dig evidence suggested that oil reduced the survival of pink salmon embryos for several years. Previous research also demonstrated that dissolved oil can be transferred to developing embryos from surrounding oiled sediment via drainage of interstitial water as a result of tidal cycling and hydraulic gradients. In this study, completed a decade after the spill, we sampled stream water for the presence of oil using passive membrane sampling devices, collected sediment and pink salmon eggs for hydrocarbon analysis, and examined alevins for induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A). Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) consistent with Exxon Valdez oil were present in the water of one of six heavily impacted streams; total PAH concentrations in the stream were greatest in the lower intertidal zone. Similarly distributed total PAHs in a second stream suggested possible contamination. Oil was not detected in the remaining four streams. Induction of CYPIA in pink salmon alevins from the two contaminated streams was lowest in water above mean high tide and increased downstream. Because our samples were all selected from heavily oiled streams, we infer that most pink salmon spawning habitat either has recovered or is recovering.