The Brain's Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Synaptic Plasticity
The Brain's Extracellular Matrix and Its Role in Synaptic Plasticity
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-7091-0932-8_7
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gundelfinger, Eckart D.
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文献类型：
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作者：
Frischknecht, Renato;Gundelfinger, Eckart D.
脑细胞外基质（ECM）在调节突触功能和可塑性方面具有重要作用。幼年ECM支持神经元网络的布线、突触发生和突触成熟。神经元回路的经验依赖性成形的关键时期的关闭与ECM的成熟形式的实现相一致，其特征在于高度精细的基于透明质酸的结构、神经元周网（PNN）和PNN样突触周ECM特化。在这一章中，我们将集中在一些最近报道的ECM功能方面的大脑可塑性。这些包括（a）发现ECM可以作为细胞表面分子（包括神经递质受体）的被动扩散屏障，并以这种方式将细胞表面区室化，（B）ECM组分在主动调节突触可塑性和稳态中的特定功能，和（c）ECM通过细胞外蛋白酶的成形过程，进而激活特定的信号传导途径。
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain has important roles in regulating synaptic function and plasticity. A juvenile ECM supports the wiring of neuronal networks, synaptogenesis, and synaptic maturation. The closure of critical periods for experience-dependent shaping of neuronal circuits coincides with the implementation of a mature form of ECM that is characterized by highly elaborate hyaluronan-based structures, the perineuronal nets (PNN), and PNN-like perisynaptic ECM specializations. In this chapter, we will focus on some recently reported aspects of ECM functions in brain plasticity. These include (a) the discovery that the ECM can act as a passive diffusion barrier for cell surface molecules including neurotransmitter receptors and in this way compartmentalize cell surfaces, (b) the specific functions of ECM components in actively regulating synaptic plasticity and homeostasis, and (c) the shaping processes of the ECM by extracellular proteases and in turn the activation particular signaling pathways.