Response of nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate dynamics to soil mulching in dryland maize (Zea mays L.) fields
Response of nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrate dynamics to soil mulching in dryland maize (Zea mays L.) fields
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DOI：
10.1007/s10705-015-9678-5
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Li, Shiqing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Liu, Jianliang;Zhan, Ai;Li, Shiqing
地膜（FM）和砾石覆盖（GM）已被广泛应用于提高旱地农业生产力。了解覆盖对氮素利用效率和土壤氮素动态的影响，对优化氮素管理策略具有重要意义。在黄土高原进行了为期3年的大田试验，研究了转基因和调幅对旱地玉米植株氮素积累、氮素转运、氮素收获指数（NHI）、氮素利用效率（NUE）和土壤硝态氮动态的影响。与对照（对照，不覆盖）相比，覆盖显著促进了植株氮素积累，特别是在吐丝后保持了较高的氮素吸收率。收获时，GM和FM处理的总氮积累量分别比CK高12.8% ~ 41.2%和33.2 ~ 55.8%。覆盖处理的氮素含量显著高于对照处理（9.6% ~ 32.4%），这主要是由于施丝后氮素转运和氮素积累增加所致。总体而言，与CK处理相比，2010年GM和FM处理的氮肥利用率分别显著提高17.1%和28.3%，2011年提高70.3%和87.6%，2012年提高16.7%和38.2%。在2010年和2011年丰水年，收获后100 ~ 200 cm土壤NO3 (-)- n增加量GM和FM处理分别比CK处理低27.1% ~ 57.1%和47.9% ~ 85.7%，说明NO3 (-)- n淋失量较低。综上所述，覆盖（尤其是调频）是提高旱地氮素利用效率和粮食产量，减少氮淋失的有效措施。
Plastic film (FM) and gravel mulching (GM) have been used extensively to increase dryland agricultural productivity. Understanding mulching effects on nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) and soil nitrogen dynamics is important for optimizing N management strategies. A 3-year field experiment was performed on the Loess Plateau of China to investigate the GM and FM effects on plant N accumulation, N translocation, N harvest index (NHI), NUE and soil NO3 (-)-N dynamics in dryland maize fields. Compared with the control (CK, non-mulching), the mulching treatments markedly promoted plant N accumulation and especially maintained higher N uptake rates during the post-silking stage. At harvest, the total N accumulation was 12.8-41.2 and 33.2-55.8 % higher in the GM and FM treatments, respectively, than in the CK treatment. The NHIs of the mulching treatments were significantly higher by 9.6-32.4 % than the CK treatment, primarily due to greater N translocation and N accumulation post-silking. Overall, compared with the CK treatment, the GM and FM NUEs increased significantly by 17.1 and 28.3 % in 2010, 70.3 and 87.6 % in 2011, and 16.7 and 38.2 % in 2012, respectively. In the wet years of 2010 and 2011, the increased amount of soil NO3 (-)-N in the 100-200 cm layer after harvest was 27.1-57.1 and 47.9-85.7 % lower in the GM and FM treatments, respectively, than in the CK treatment, indicating a lower NO3 (-)-N leaching loss. These results suggest that mulching (especially FM) is an effective measure for increasing NUE and grain yield and decreasing N leaching loss in dry farmland.