Rubber's inclusion in zero-deforestation legislation is necessary but not sufficient to reduce impacts on biodiversity
Rubber's inclusion in zero-deforestation legislation is necessary but not sufficient to reduce impacts on biodiversity
复制标题
将橡胶纳入零森林砍伐立法是必要的，但不足以减少对生物多样性的影响
DOI：
10.1111/conl.12967
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
8.5
通讯作者：
Warren-Thomas E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Warren-Thomas E
农业商品生产是热带森林砍伐和生物多样性丧失的主要驱动力。来自巴西橡胶树的天然橡胶是一种没有可行替代品的宝贵商品，最近已被纳入欧洲联盟（欧盟）的森林砍伐条例，旨在停止进口含有森林砍伐的商品。橡胶需求的持续增长受到轮胎产量增加的推动，这是由于运输流量和个人汽车拥有量增加造成的。我们发现，天然橡胶的平均产量保持不变，这意味着到2030年可能需要增加270万至530万公顷的种植园来满足需求。通过系统的文献检索，确定了106个关于向橡胶过渡和从橡胶过渡的案例研究，发现自2010年以来，橡胶种植园面积的大幅扩大是以牺牲天然林为代价的。消除橡胶供应链中的森林砍伐需要支持数百万小农种植者维持或增加现有种植园的产量，而不造成土地或水资源退化。供应链追踪工作为提供这种支持提供了机会。虽然将橡胶纳入欧盟立法是积极的一步，但确保小农不被边缘化以避免加剧贫困至关重要，其他市场也要效仿，以避免橡胶驱动的森林砍伐转移到不受监管的市场。
Agricultural commodity production is a major driver of tropical deforestation and biodiversity loss. Natural rubber fromHevea brasiliensis, a valuable commodity without viable substitutes, has recently been included in the European Union (EU) deforestation regulation that aims to halt imports of goods containing embedded deforestation. Sustained growth in demand for rubber is driven by increasing tire production, caused by rising transport flows and personal car ownership. We show that average natural rubber yields remain static, meaning 2.7–5.3 million ha of additional plantations could be needed by 2030 to meet demand. A systematic literature search identified 106 case studies concerning transitions to and from rubber, revealing that substantial rubber plantation area expansion since 2010 has occurred at the expense of natural forest. Eliminating deforestation from rubber supply chains requires support for millions of smallholder growers to maintain or increase production from existing plantations, without land or water degradation. Supply chain traceability efforts offer opportunities to deliver such support. While the inclusion of rubber in EU legislation is a positive step, it is critical to ensure that smallholders are not marginalized to avoid exacerbating poverty, and that other markets follow suit to avoid displacement of rubber‐driven deforestation to unregulated markets.