Knowing and avoiding: The influence of distractor awareness on oculomotor capture
Knowing and avoiding: The influence of distractor awareness on oculomotor capture
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DOI：
10.3758/s13414-014-0662-y
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kingstone, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chisholm, Joseph D.;Kingstone, Alan
克雷默、哈恩、欧文和休斯（Theeuwes，2000）报告说，当参与者意识到要忽略的信息时，干扰物的干扰效果会降低。相反，最近的证据表明，干扰物干扰增加时，个人意识到的干扰。在本研究中，我们直接评估了分心物意识对眼动捕获的影响，希望解决文献中的这一矛盾，并进一步了解意识对注意的影响。参与者完成了传统的眼球捕获任务。他们没有被告知分心信息的存在（无意识状态），被告知分心（意识状态），或者被告知分心信息并被告知避免注意它（避免状态）。意识到干扰产生了性能的好处，相对于无意识的条件，然而，这种好处被消除时，参与者被告知要积极避免分心。这种模式的结果调和过去的矛盾，在文献中，并提出了一个倒U型功能的注意力分散的性能。强调太少或太多都会导致性能下降，但中间级别的强调会带来性能优势。
Kramer, Hahn, Irwin, and Theeuwes (2000) reported that the interfering effect of distractors is reduced when participants are aware of the to-be-ignored information. In contrast, recent evidence indicates that distractor interference increases when individuals are aware of the distractors. In the present investigation, we directly assessed the influence of distractor awareness on oculomotor capture, with the hope of resolving this contradiction in the literature and gaining further insight into the influence of awareness on attention. Participants completed a traditional oculomotor capture task. They were not informed of the presence of the distracting information (unaware condition), were informed of distractors (aware condition), or were informed of distractor information and told to avoid attending to it (avoid condition). Being aware of the distractors yielded a performance benefit, relative to the unaware condition; however, this benefit was eliminated when participants were told to actively avoid distraction. This pattern of results reconciles past contradictions in the literature and suggests an inverted-U function of awareness in distractor performance. Too little or too much emphasis yields a performance decrement, but an intermediate level of emphasis provides a performance benefit.