Regional Systems
Regional Systems
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DOI：
10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea2124
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Ellen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Ellen
区域系统人类学的兴起是由于以村庄为基础的研究未能充分关注更广泛的空间背景，以及生态人类学倾向于将当地人口视为自给自足的生态系统的一部分。有人指出，能量和营养平衡以及因此而产生的“复原力”往往只能在更广泛和社会更复杂的系统中实现。由此产生的研究采用了多尺度方法，并特别关注贸易和交换，包括生态和社会变量之间的相互作用，这些变量通常从历史的角度将地方，区域和全球网络联系起来。在更广泛的社会文化人类学中，区域维度是在20世纪50年代和60年代开创的，受到对市场和农民，工业资本主义和社会主义社会日益增长的兴趣的刺激，在这些社会中，民族志学家在小规模社会中所做的简单边界假设是站不住脚的。
The anthropology of regional systems arose from the failure of village‐based studies to pay sufficient attention to wider spatial contexts and from the tendency in ecological anthropology to treat local populations as parts of self‐contained ecosystems. It was noted that energy and nutritional balance, and consequently “resilience,” could often be achieved only within more extensive and socially more complex systems. The resulting studies adopted multiscale approaches and focused particularly on trade and exchange, including the interaction between ecological and social variables that interconnect local, regional, and global networks, often from a historical perspective. In sociocultural anthropology more generally, the regional dimension was pioneered in the 1950s and 1960s, stimulated by a growing interest in markets and in peasant, industrial–capitalist, and socialist societies, where the simple boundary assumptions made by ethnographers working in small‐scale societies were untenable.