Opening a can of worms: unprecedented sympatric cryptic diversity within British lumbricid earthworms
Opening a can of worms: unprecedented sympatric cryptic diversity within British lumbricid earthworms
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03931.x
复制
发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Symondson, William O. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
King, R. Andrew;Tibble, Amy L.;Symondson, William O. C.
蚯蚓在土壤肥力、食物网生态学和生态系统功能的许多方面发挥着重要作用，因此经常成为生态学和毒理学研究的对象。我们的目的是检查常见的物种的遗传结构，以确定可能是不同的生态型或生物型（因此混淆目前的研究基于形态型）的神秘谱系或物种，并试图解释最终出现的巨大的神秘多样性。我们证明，物种，如Allolobophora chlorotica，Aporrectodea longa，Aporrectodea rosea和Lumbricus rubellus都包括高度分化的谱系，在线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）基因的物种水平的分歧。在阿洛。仅在绿球藻中，我们发现了55种COI单倍型，其中35种在粉红色中发现，20种在绿色变形蠕虫中发现。没有两种颜色变体共享COI单倍型的情况。线粒体COI和16S基因的系统发育分析表明，存在五个高度分歧的谱系，表明存在多个隐藏的物种内异基因。绿球藻属种群的谱系分布没有明显的地理格局，许多种群的线粒体DNA谱系和颜色形态都具有多态性。扩增片段长度多态性的结果，基于两个引物组合，与线粒体DNA的结果与一个显着的例外，大致一致。尽管在COI显示超过14%的分歧，扩增片段长度多态性标记表明，这两个绿色形态谱系可能是杂交，因此代表一个单一的taxon.The隐藏的多样性，这些结果揭示了所有领域具有深远的影响，对昆虫的研究。
Earthworms play a major role in many aspects of soil fertility, food web ecology and ecosystem functioning, and hence are frequently the subjects of, for example, ecological and toxicological research. Our aim was to examine the genetic structure of common earthworm species, to identify cryptic lineages or species that may be distinct ecotypes or biotypes (and hence confound current research based upon morphotypes) and to try to explain the massive cryptic diversity that eventually emerged. We demonstrated that species such as Allolobophora chlorotica, Aporrectodea longa, Aporrectodea rosea and Lumbricus rubellus all comprise highly divergent lineages with species-level divergence at the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. In Allo. chlorotica alone, we found 55 haplotypes for COI, with 35 of these being found in pink and 20 in green morph worms. There were no cases of the two colour morphs sharing COI haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial COI and 16S genes showed the presence of five highly divergent lineages, suggesting the presence of multiple cryptic species within Allo. chlorotica. There was no clear geographical pattern to lineage distribution and many populations were polymorphic for both mitochondrial DNA lineage and colour morph. Amplified fragment length polymorphism results, based on two primer combinations, were broadly congruent with mitochondrial DNA results with one significant exception. Despite showing over 14% divergence at COI, amplified fragment length polymorphism markers showed that the two green morph lineages may be interbreeding and therefore represent a single taxon. The cryptic diversity revealed by these results has profound consequences for all areas of earthworm research.