The mechanisms of working memory capacity: Primary memory, secondary memory, and attention control
The mechanisms of working memory capacity: Primary memory, secondary memory, and attention control
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2014.01.004
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Engle, Randall W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shipstead, Zach;Lindsey, Dakota R. B.;Engle, Randall W.
工作记忆容量传统上被视为可以使用一种认知机制（例如，注意力控制（Attention Control）。然而，最近的一些研究表明，需要多种机制来解释工作记忆容量的个体差异。本研究集中在三个这样的机制：维持/脱离初级记忆，从二级记忆提取，注意控制。结构方程模型表明，这些机制中的每一个都对解释工作记忆容量的个体差异很重要。进一步的分析表明，这些机制的明显程度可能是由用于操作工作记忆容量的任务类型驱动的。具体来说，复杂广度（处理和存储）和视觉阵列（变化检测）的表现与一个人的注意力控制密切相关，而运行记忆广度（列表上最后n个项目的记忆）的表现与主记忆的关系明显高于其他工作记忆任务。最后，无论使用的工作记忆任务，它被发现，初级和次级记忆完全解释了工作记忆容量的关系，一般流体智力。(C)2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Working memory capacity is traditionally treated as a unitary construct that can be explained using one cognitive mechanism (e.g., storage, attention control). Several recent studies have, however, demonstrated that multiple mechanisms are needed to explain individual differences in working memory capacity. The present study focuses on three such mechanisms: Maintenance/disengagement in primary memory, retrieval from secondary memory, and attention control. Structural equation modeling reveals that each of these mechanisms is important to explaining individual differences in working memory capacity. Further analyses reveal that the degree to which these mechanisms are apparent may be driven by the type of task used to operationalize working memory capacity. Specifically, complex span (processing and storage) and visual arrays (change detection) performance is strongly related to a person's attention control, while running memory span (memory for last n items on a list) performance has a relationship to primary memory that is apparent above-and-beyond other working memory tasks. Finally, regardless of the working memory task that is used, it is found that primary and secondary memory fully explain the relationship of working memory capacity to general fluid intelligence. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.