In vitro estrogenicity of ambient particulate matter: contribution of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
In vitro estrogenicity of ambient particulate matter: contribution of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
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DOI：
10.1002/jat.1400
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Zenobi, Renato
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wenger, Daniela;Gerecke, Andreas C.;Zenobi, Renato
大气颗粒物（PM 1）收集在瑞士的城市和农村地区在冬季高空气污染事件，并进行了研究雌激素敏感的报告基因测定（ER-CALUX）的雌激素活性。所有测试的样品在T47 D人乳腺癌细胞中诱导雌激素受体介导的基因表达。观察到的雌激素活性对应于17 β-雌二醇（E2）CALUX当量浓度，范围为2至23 ng E2-CEQ/g PM 1（颗粒物2-羟基菲> 1-羟基芘> 2-羟基萘> 1-羟基萘）。其中3种羟基多环芳烃，即2-羟基菲，2-羟基萘和1-羟基萘，在所有PM 1提取物中检测到。然而，它们仅占总雌激素活性的0.01-0.2%。因此，主要是尚未通过化学分析鉴定的其他雌激素化合物必须负责观察到的活性。在城市和农村的站点，分别与几个空气污染物（NO2，NO，SO2，O-3，CO）和气象参数（温度，湿度，气压，太阳辐射，风速）的时间过程中的PM 1雌激素的时间趋势进行了比较。然而，具体的排放源和大气中的异种雌激素的形成过程无法阐明。这项研究表明，周围的颗粒物含有能够在体外与雌激素受体相互作用的化合物，也可能干扰体内雌激素调节途径。版权所有（C）2008约翰威利父子有限公司
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM1) was collected at an urban and a rural site in Switzerland during a hibernal high air pollution episode and was investigated for estrogenicity using an estrogen-sensitive reporter gene assay (ER-CALUX). All samples that were tested induced estrogen receptor-mediated gene expression in T47D human breast adenocarcinoma cells. Observed estrogenic activities corresponded to 17 beta-estradiol (E2) CALUX equivalent concentrations ranging from 2 to 23 ng E2-CEQ per gram of PM1 (particulate matter of 2-hydroxyphenanthrene > 1-hydroxypyrene > 2-hydroxynaphthalene > 1-hydroxynaphthalene. Three of these hydroxy-PAHs, namely 2-hydroxyphenanthrene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene and 1-hydroxynaphthalene, were detected in all PM1 extracts. However, they contributed only 0.01-0.2% to the overall estrogenic activity. Hence, mainly other estrogenic compounds not yet identified by chemical analysis must be responsible for the observed activity. The temporal trend of PM1 estrogenicity at the urban and rural site, respectively, was compared with the time course of several air pollutants (NO2, NO, SO2, O-3, CO) and meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, air pressure, solar irradiation, wind velocity). However, specific emission sources and formation processes of atmospheric xenoestrogens could not be elucidated. This study showed that ambient particulate matter contains compounds that are able to interact with estrogen receptors in vitro and potentially also interfere with estrogen-regulated pathways in vivo. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.