Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders
Developmental dyspraxia is not limited to imitation in children with autism spectrum disorders
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DOI：
10.1017/s1355617706060437
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Denckla, Martha B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mostofsky, Stewart H.;Dubey, Prachi;Denckla, Martha B.
据报道，自闭症患者对熟练手势的模仿能力受损。然而，问题仍然是，模仿受损是否与与行动障碍一致的手势操作更普遍的缺陷有关，以及错误的模式是否与典型发育中的儿童观察到的不同。为了解决这些问题，对21名患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的高功能儿童的实践与24名典型的对照组进行了比较，采用了一种传统的方法，通过详细检查错误类型来评估表现。患有自闭症的儿童不仅在对模仿的手势中，而且在对命令的手势和工具使用时，正确反应都明显减少。ASD的错误模式与对照组相似，空间错误在两组中都最常见；然而，身体部位对工具的错误在ASD儿童中更常见，这表明运动障碍并不完全可归因于运动障碍。这些发现表明，自闭症与全面性实践缺陷有关，而不是特定于模仿的缺陷。在自闭症等发育障碍中，这些发现可能反映了额叶/顶叶-皮质下回路的异常，这些回路对于获得(即学习)运动的感觉表征和/或执行它们所需的运动序列程序非常重要。
Impaired imitation of skilled gestures is commonly reported in autism. Questions, however, remain as to whether impaired imitation is associated with a more generalized deficit in performance of gestures consistent with a dyspraxia and whether the pattern of errors differs from that observed in typically developing children. To address these questions, praxis in 21 high-functioning children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) was compared with 24 typically developing controls using a traditional approach in which performance was evaluated through detailed examination of error types. Children with ASD produced significantly fewer correct responses not only during Gesture to Imitation, but also during Gesture to Command and with Tool Use. The pattern of errors in ASD was similar to that of controls with spatial errors being most common in both groups; however, body-part-for-tool errors were more common in children with ASD, suggesting dyspraxia is not entirely attributable to motor deficits. The findings suggest that autism is associated with a generalized praxis deficit, rather than a deficit specific to imitation. In a developmental disorder such as autism, the findings may reflect abnormalities in frontal/parietal-subcortical circuits important for acquisition (i.e., learning) of sensory representations of movement and/or the motor sequence programs necessary to execute them.