Cognitive Mapping Without Vision: Comparing Wayfinding Performance After Learning From Digital Touchscreen-Based Multimodal Maps vs. Embossed Tactile Overlays
Cognitive Mapping Without Vision: Comparing Wayfinding Performance After Learning From Digital Touchscreen-Based Multimodal Maps vs. Embossed Tactile Overlays
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2020.00087
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发表时间：
2020-03-17
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Haase, Kaitlyn N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Giudice, Nicholas A.;Guenther, Benjamin A.;Haase, Kaitlyn N.
这篇文章首先讨论了盲人和视障人士(BVI)使用的无障碍交互式地图的技术水平。然后描述了一个行为实验，该实验调查了一种新型的低成本、基于触摸屏的多模式界面，称为振动-音频地图(VAM)，用于支持基于非视觉感知的环境学习、认知地图开发和寻路行为的有效性。在这项研究中，八名英属维尔京群岛参与者学习了两张大学建筑的平面图，一张使用VAM，另一张使用覆盖在触摸屏上的类似硬拷贝触觉地图(HTM)。他们被要求自由探索每一张地图，任务是学习整个布局并找到三个隐藏的目标位置。在达到学习标准后，参与者进行环境迁移测试，他们被带到相应的物理布局，并被要求根据记忆规划/导航学习到的目标位置之间的路线，即不访问学习时使用的地图。使用贝叶斯分析评估等价性的结果显示，条件之间的目标定位精度和路径效率性能非常相似，这表明VAM支持与使用传统触觉地图覆盖的交互式显示相同水平的环境学习、认知地图开发和寻路性能。这些结果证明了VAM在使用商业上可获得的低成本接口支持复杂的空间任务方面的有效性，并为英属维尔京群岛导航员空间学习和寻路的移动交互地图新时代打开了大门。
This article starts by discussing the state of the art in accessible interactive maps for use by blind and visually impaired (BVI) people. It then describes a behavioral experiment investigating the efficacy of a new type of low-cost, touchscreen-based multimodal interface, called a vibro-audio map (VAM), for supporting environmental learning, cognitive map development, and wayfinding behavior on the basis of nonvisual sensing. In the study, eight BVI participants learned two floor-maps of university buildings, one using the VAM and the other using an analogous hardcopy tactile map (HTM) overlaid on the touchscreen. They were asked to freely explore each map, with the task of learning the entire layout and finding three hidden target locations. After meeting a learning criterion, participants performed an environmental transfer test, where they were brought to the corresponding physical layout and were asked to plan/navigate routes between learned target locations from memory, i.e., without access to the map used at learning. The results using Bayesian analyses aimed at assessing equivalence showed highly similar target localization accuracy and route efficiency performance between conditions, suggesting that the VAM supports the same level of environmental learning, cognitive map development, and wayfinding performance as is possible from interactive displays using traditional tactile map overlays. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the VAM for supporting complex spatial tasks without vision using a commercially available, low-cost interface and open the door to a new era of mobile interactive maps for spatial learning and wayfinding by BVI navigators.