Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment - A Worldwide Overview
Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment - A Worldwide Overview
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环境中的抗生素耐药性 - 全球概览
DOI：
10.1007/698_2020_472
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Manaia C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Manaia C
抗生素耐药性被不同的国际组织（例如世界卫生组织，WHO;联合国粮食及农业组织，FAO-UN;经济合作与发展组织，OECD）认为不仅是对人类生命和福祉的主要威胁，而且还具有巨大的经济影响。最近的估计表明，全球每年至少有70万人死于耐药性感染，其中最大和最重要的比例可归因于耐药性细菌感染，并且最常在医院发现。然而，有理由相信，抗药性细菌在社区中很常见，它们是从其他人、动物、食物、水和/或其他环境来源获得的。近几十年来，环境在抗药性细菌的繁殖和传播中的重要性得到了更好的证明，人类和动物的污水代表了复杂的传输路径网络中最重要的排放节点。尽管环境来源和传播途径的相关性如今被认为是One Health关于抗生素耐药性讨论的关键，但科学界仍在讨论一些关键话题。在本章中，邀请了该领域的专家就一些与抗生素耐药性风险和控制相关的常见话题发表看法。具体而言，五位受邀专家根据六个不同的主题轴-传播、关键控制点、抗生素选择性影响、所需干预、当局的认识和参与以及行动优先事项-就抗生素耐药性的环境层面的相关性和控制发表了看法。
Antibiotic resistance is considered by different international organisations (e.g. World Health Organization, WHO; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO-UN; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD) as not only a major threat to human life and wellbeing but also having tremendous economic impacts. Recent estimates indicate that globally at least 700,000 deaths per year are due to drug-resistant infections, with the largest and most important proportion of these attributable to antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections – and which are most often identified in hospitals. However, there are reasons to believe that antibiotic-resistant bacteria are common in the community, where they are acquired from other people, animals, foods, water and/or other environmental sources.Over recent decades, the importance of the environment in the propagation and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has been better evidenced, with human and animal sewage representing the most important emission nodes in a complex network of transmission routes. While the relevance of environmental sources and paths of transmission are nowadays considered pivotal in any One Health discussion about antibiotic resistance, some key topics are still under debate in the scientific community.In this chapter, experts recognised in the field were invited to give their perspective on some commonly debated topics related to the risks and control of antibiotic resistance. Specifically, five invited experts gave their perspective on the relevance and control of the environmental dimensions of antibiotic resistance, based on six distinct thematic axes – transmission, critical control points, antibiotic-selective effects, interventions needed, authority’s awareness and engagement and priorities for action.