RAPID MORPHOLOGICAL RADIATION AND CONVERGENCE AMONG RACES OF THE BUTTERFLY HELICONIUS-ERATO INFERRED FROM PATTERNS OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA EVOLUTION
RAPID MORPHOLOGICAL RADIATION AND CONVERGENCE AMONG RACES OF THE BUTTERFLY HELICONIUS-ERATO INFERRED FROM PATTERNS OF MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA EVOLUTION
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.91.14.6491
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发表时间：
1994-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
BROWER, AVZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BROWER, AVZ
新热带的赫利柯乌斯蝴蝶是著名的穆勒模仿的例子，因为它们有各种各样的共享的、色彩鲜艳的翅膀图案，这表明这些蝴蝶不好吃。在几个广泛分布的物种中，这些模式的平行地理变异被引用来支持有争议的更新世热带多样性的避难所假说。然而，没有一个赫利柯伊斯物种的进化速度或地理种族之间的关系被明确地研究过。我提出了一个基于线粒体DNA序列的系统发育假说，该假说揭示了类似的翅膀模式在该物种内迅速而收敛地进化。安第斯山脉东部和西部的种族群体之间存在着基本的分裂，反映了更新世底部的替代分离。在每个分支中，序列分歧非常小，一些单倍型在具有根本不同翅膀模式的异地小种之间共享。这种拓扑结构意味着在过去的20万年里，这两个地区的种族同时受到辐射。支系的年龄是通过比较序列分歧和几个节肢动物分类群中线粒体分歧的曲线图来估计的，这些分歧的时间是独立确定的。这个曲线图是线性的，表明节肢动物中的线粒体DNA以钟状方式进化，至少在开始时是这样，当序列分歧较小时。
The neotropical Heliconius butterflies are famous examples of Mullerian mimicry, due to the diverse array of shared, brightly colored wing patterns that advertise the butterflies' unpalatability. The parallel geographical variation in these patterns within several widespread species has been invoked to support the controversial Pleistocene refugium hypothesis of tropical diversification. However, in no Heliconius species have either evolutionary rates or relationships among geographical races been explicitly examined. I present a phylogenetic hypothesis based on mitochondrial DNA sequences for 14 divergent races of Heliconius erato, which reveals that similar wing patterns have evolved rapidly and convergently within the species. There is a basal split between groups of races from east and west of the Andes, reflecting a vicariant separation at the base of the Pleistocene. Within each of these clades, sequence divergence is very low, and some haplotypes are shared between allopatric races with radically different wing patterns. The topology implies a simultaneous radiation of races in these two areas within the last 200,000 years. Ages for the clades are estimated by comparing sequence divergence to a plot of mitochondrial divergence in several arthropod taxa with independently dated divergence times. This plot is linear and suggests that mitochondrial DNA in arthropods evolves in a clocklike manner, at least initially, when sequence divergence is low.