Molar and latent models of cognitive slowing: Implications for aging, dementia, depression, development, and intelligence
Molar and latent models of cognitive slowing: Implications for aging, dementia, depression, development, and intelligence
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03214549
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发表时间：
1996-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Glaser, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, DL;Glaser, RA
一组参与者在简单的认知任务中做出反应所需的时间随该组的身份而系统地变化。例如，在大多数任务上，老年人比年轻人需要更长的时间来做出反应。同样，在大多数任务上，年幼的孩子比成熟的孩子需要更长的时间来做出反应。更一般地说，人们发现反应时间会随着许多区分参与者群体的以太因素而变化，包括痴呆、抑郁和智力水平。对于每个因素，研究人员都试图确定随着损伤程度的增加，各种心理过程是否同样减慢。他们的这一决定主要基于相关群体的总体响应时间之间的关系。这里展示了如何根据控制目标群体表现的个体潜在或心理过程的速度之间的关系来进行这一确定。这种重点的转变具有三个重要的优点：它减少了错误地接受或拒绝所有过程都同样减慢这一假设的可能性；它精确地指出了当流程没有同等程度地减慢时，实际流程会被不成比例地延长；它使得严格测试速度变化对其他因变量（例如准确性）的影响成为可能。
The time that it takes a group of participants to respond in simple cognitive tasks varies systematically with the identity of the group. For example, on most tasks, older adults take longer to respond than younger adults. Similarly, on most tasks, younger children take longer to respond than mature children. More generally, response time has been found to vary reliably with a number of ether factors that differentiate groups of participants, including the levels of dementia, depression, and intelligence. For each factor, investigators have sought to determine whether the various mental processes are slowed identically as the level of impairment increases. They have based this determination largely on the relation between the overall response times of the relevant groups. Here it is shown how one can base this determination on the relation between the speeds of the individual latent or mental processes governing the performance of the target groups. Such a shift in emphasis has three important advantages: it reduces the possibility of falsely accepting or rejecting the hypothesis that all processes are slowed identically; it pinpoints the actual processes that are lengthened disproportionately when processes are not slowed identically; and it makes possible the rigorous testing of the effects of changes in speed on other dependent variables (e.g., accuracy).