Immune escape mechanisms of intraocular tumors.
Immune escape mechanisms of intraocular tumors.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.002
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发表时间：
2009-09
影响因子：
17.8
通讯作者：
Niederkorn, Jerry Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niederkorn, Jerry Y.
关键词：
免疫系统可能控制肿瘤生长的概念是由杰出的微生物学家保罗埃利希在100多年前提出的。50年后，伯内特和托马斯提出了“免疫监视”假说，对这一概念进行了完善和扩展。在其最简单的形式中，免疫监视假说表明肿瘤自发产生并表达被免疫系统识别的新抗原，这可以消除肿瘤或抑制其生长。在眼睛内，免疫反应受到控制，有时受到严重抑制-这种情况称为免疫豁免。眼睛中的免疫赦免是一系列复杂的解剖学、生理学和免疫调节机制的结果，这些机制阻止了许多免疫应答的诱导和表达。由于眼部免疫豁免，眼部出现的肿瘤似乎在逃避免疫监视方面具有优势。葡萄膜黑色素瘤是成人中最常见的恶性眼内肿瘤，它不仅受益于眼睛的免疫豁免，而且采用了许多有助于眼部免疫豁免的机制，作为一旦葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞离开眼睛的保护区并以转移的形式全身扩散时保护葡萄膜黑色素瘤细胞的策略。尽管免疫系统具有一系列旨在消除身体肿瘤的效应机制，但肿瘤能够快速进化并对抗甚至最复杂的免疫效应机制。到目前为止，肿瘤似乎正在赢得这场军备竞赛，但对这些机制的更多了解应该为设计免疫疗法提供见解，这种免疫疗法在世纪前就已经设想过，但迄今为止未能实现。
The notion that the immune system might control the growth of tumors was suggested over 100 years ago by the eminent microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. This concept was refined and expanded by Burnet and Thomas fifty years later with their articulation of the “immune surveillance” hypothesis. In its simplest form, the immune surveillance hypothesis suggests that neoplasms arise spontaneously and express novel antigens that are recognized by the immune system, which either eliminates the tumors or restrains their growth. Within the eye, immune responses are controlled and sometimes profoundly inhibited - a condition known as immune privilege. Immune privilege in the eye is the result of a complex array of anatomical, physiological, and immunoregulatory mechanisms that prevent the induction and expression of many immune responses. Tumors arising in the eye would seem to have an advantage in evading immune surveillance due to ocular immune privilege. Uveal melanoma, the most common and malignant intraocular tumor in adults not only benefits from the immune privilege of the eye, but has adopted many of the mechanisms that contribute to ocular immune privilege as a strategy for protecting uveal melanoma cells once they leave the sanctuary of the eye and are disseminated systemically in the form of metastases. Although the immune system possesses a battery of effector mechanisms designed to rid the body of neoplasms, tumors are capable of rapidly evolving and countering even the most sophisticated immunological effector mechanisms. To date, tumors seem to be winning this arms race, but an increased understanding of these mechanisms should provide insights for designing immunotherapy that was envisioned over half a century ago, but has failed to materialize to date.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Astigiano, S;Morandi, B;Frumento, G
通讯作者：
Frumento, G
影响因子：
11.2
作者：
Blank, C;Brown, I;Gajewski, TF
通讯作者：
Gajewski, TF
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Albert, DM
通讯作者：
Albert, DM
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Alexander, AM;Crawford, M;Trucco, M
通讯作者：
Trucco, M
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
ASHTON, N
通讯作者：
ASHTON, N