Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Response to a Fluctuating Environment
Regulation of Starch Biosynthesis in Response to a Fluctuating Environment
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DOI：
10.1104/pp.110.170399
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Geigenberger, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Geigenberger, Peter
淀粉是高等植物的主要贮藏碳水化合物，具有多种重要功能。在光合作用的叶片中，淀粉在白天积累，并在夜间重新动员，以支持持续的呼吸、Suc输出和黑暗中的生长（盖革和Servaites，1994）。在这种情况下，淀粉已被确定为调节植物生长以科普碳可用性的持续变化的主要整合剂（Sulpice等人，2009年）。其重要性通过淀粉缺陷突变体的表型证明，所述突变体在短日照条件下生长不良或甚至死亡（Caspar et al.，1986年）。在异养贮藏器官如马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）块茎或发育中的种子中，淀粉作为长期的碳储存，在发育后期被重新激活以支持生殖生长阶段。由于这些组织的Suc供应是波动的，因此当碳可用性增加时，需要调节机制来刺激淀粉合成（Geigenberger等人，除了其在植物生理学中的中心作用之外，淀粉也具有很大的经济重要性（Zeeman等人，2010年）。它是地球上仅次于纤维素的第二大生物聚合物，也是用于食品和饲料目的的最重要的碳水化合物。因此，它代表了我们饮食的主要资源和许多工业应用的原料，包括生物乙醇生产（Smith，2008）。了解植物中的淀粉生物合成可以为通过使用反向遗传学或标记辅助育种来提高作物产量的新策略铺平道路（Geigenberger和费尔尼，2006）。
Starch is the major storage carbohydrate in higher plants, with many important functions. In photosynthesizing leaves, starch accumulates during the day and is remobilized at night to support continued respiration, Suc export, and growth in the dark (Geiger and Servaites, 1994). In this context, starch has been identified as a major integrator in the regulation of plant growth to cope with continual changes in carbon availability (Sulpice et al., 2009). Its importance is demonstrated by the phenotype of starch-deficient mutants, which grow poorly or even die in short-day conditions (Caspar et al., 1986). In heterotrophic storage organs such as potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers or developing seeds, starch serves as a longer term carbon store, which is remobilized later in development to support phases of reproductive growth. Since Suc supply to these tissues is fluctuating, regulatory mechanisms are required to stimulate starch synthesis when carbon availability increases (Geigenberger et al., 2004).In addition to its central role in plant physiology, starch is also of great economical importance (Zeeman et al., 2010). It is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, after cellulose, and the most important carbohydrate used for food and feed purposes. Therefore, it represents the major resource of our diet and feedstock for many industrial applications, including bioethanol production (Smith, 2008). Understanding starch biosynthesis in plants could pave the way to new strategies to improve crop yield via the use of reverse genetics or marker-assisted breeding (Geigenberger and Fernie, 2006).