THE SACRED JOURNEY IN DYNASTIC EGYPT - SHAMANISTIC TRANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NARCOTIC WATER LILY AND THE MANDRAKE
THE SACRED JOURNEY IN DYNASTIC EGYPT - SHAMANISTIC TRANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NARCOTIC WATER LILY AND THE MANDRAKE
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DOI：
10.1080/02791072.1989.10472144
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
EMBODEN, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
EMBODEN, W
当代参考的作用睡莲和曼德拉草（睡莲和曼德拉草，分别）在古埃及的治疗，和随后的研究在玛雅萨满教仪式中的睡莲的图像，建议这些植物的可能的重要性，萨满教治疗在埃及王朝。虽然通常的解释睡莲和曼德拉草一直是仪式哀悼的一部分，本文修改了这一概念。基于对这两种强效麻醉剂（即，催眠）植物在肖像和仪式，认为王朝埃及人已经开发了一种形式的萨满教恍惚诱导这两种植物，并将其用于医学以及治疗仪式。对埃及王朝的仪式和神圣图像的分析，如在石碑上看到的，在神奇的纸莎草纸上，以及在器皿上，表明这些人拥有深刻的植物知识和意识状态的改变。大量的资料表明，萨满教祭司在等级社会中地位很高，他们引导生者和死者的灵魂，提供灵魂转化为其他身体，并将植物人格化为人类精神所拥有的，以及进行其他萨满教活动。
Contemporary reference to the role of water lilies and mandrakes (NymphaeaandMandragora, respectively) in ancient Egyptian healing, and subsequent research on the iconography of the water lily in Mayan shamanistic ritual, suggest the possible importance of these plants as adjuncts to shamanistic healing in dynastic Egypt. Although the usual interpretation of the water lily and the mandrake has been that of a part of ritual mourning, the present article revises this notion. Based on an extensive review of these two powerful narcotic (i.e., hypnotic) plants in iconography and ritual, it is argued that the dynastic Egyptians had developed a form of shamanistic trance induced by these two plants and used it in medicine as well as healing rituals. Analysis of the ritual and sacred iconography of dynastic Egypt, as seen on stelae, in magical papyri, and on vessels, indicates that these people possessed a profound knowledge of plant lore and altered states of consciousness. The abundant data indicate that the shamanistic priest, who was highly placed in the stratified society, guided the souls of the living and dead, provided for the transmutation of souls into other bodies and the personification of plants as possessed by human spirits, as well as performing other shamanistic activities.