‘Random Acts of Journalism’ Redux: News and Social Media
‘Random Acts of Journalism’ Redux: News and Social Media
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“新闻的随机行为”Redux：新闻和社交媒体
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Bruns
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Bruns
JD Lasica在2003年对公民记者所做的“随机新闻行为”的看法在新千年的头几年“Web 2.0”的全盛时期非常有影响力，但尽管公民和替代新闻组织在突破和影响故事方面取得了一些成功，但公众参与新闻活动的更广泛趋势从未实现。在大多数情况下，公民新闻的积极参与仍然是斯蒂芬科尔曼所称的“政治瘾君子”的领域;公民新闻为这些参与者提供了比在线自助出版功能出现之前更响亮的声音，但并没有实质性地改变这种准新闻参与的人口统计。
然而，以Facebook和Twitter等现代社会媒体平台为代表的第二波参与性网络技术进一步降低了在线环境中公民新闻活动的门槛。社交媒体使分享和评论问题和事件简化为点击几下，从而为更多参与者提供了参与新闻报道和政治评论的传播和讨论的机会，从而弥合了线下和在线社交圈中关于新闻和政治的日常讨论与更正式的新闻活动之间的差距;移动的设备作为访问社交媒体的点的普遍存在进一步使得在任何时间从几乎任何地方进行这种参与成为可能。此外，这些与新闻内容接触的真正随机，随意的行为被技术过滤器和人类代理的混合物聚合和策划成新闻和讨论的公共流，提供对当前事件和辩论的详细和最新的见解。本章将追溯这种新形式的公民新闻的出现，并探讨其对新闻业的影响。
JD Lasica’s 2003 vision of the ‘random acts of journalism’ committed by citizen journalists was highly influential during the heyday of ‘Web 2.0’ in the first years of the new millennium, but in spite of a number of noted successes for citizen and alternative news organisations in breaking and influencing stories, a broader trend of public participation in journalistic activities never materialised. Active participation in citizen journalism remained, for the most part, the domain of what Stephen Coleman has called ‘political junkies’; citizen journalism afforded these participants a louder voice than had been available to them before the advent of online self-publishing functionality, but did not substantially alter the demographics of such quasi-journalistic engagement.
However, the second wave of participative Web technologies – represented by modern social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter – has further lowered the barriers to entry into citizen-journalistic activities in online environments. Social media offer an opportunity for a greater range of participants to participate in the distribution and discussion of news stories and political commentary by simplifying the sharing and commenting on issues and events to a few clicks, thereby bridging the gap between everyday talk about news and politics in offline and online social circles and more formal journalistic activities; the ubiquity of mobile devices as points of access to social media further serves to make such participation possible from virtually anywhere, at any time. Further, these truly random, casual acts of engagement with journalistic content are aggregated and curated by a mixture of technological filters and human agency into public streams of news and discussion which provide detailed and up-to-date insights into current events and debates. This chapter will trace the emergence of this new form of citizen journalism and explore its implications for the news industry.